Expression and localization analysis of PfCoSP at asexual and gametocyte stages of parasite life cycle and effect of LI71 on native PfCoSP to bind with DNA and a/b tubulin (A) Immunofluorescence images showing the localization of PfCoSP at asexual and gametocyte stages of parasite life cycle. Smears of methanol-fixed Pf3D7-infected erythrocytes were stained with anti-PfCoSP antibodies (1:250) followed by incubation with Alexa Fluor-conjugated secondary antibodies (Alexa Fluor 488, green). DIC: differential interference contrast image, DAPI: nuclear staining 40, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue); PfCoSP: mouse anti-PfCoSP (green); merge: overlay of PfCoSP with DAPI (Scale bar: 2 mm). (B) Co-localization of PfCoSP with PfNapL. Smears of methanol-fixed Pf3D7-infected erythrocytes were stained with antiPfCoSP (1:250) and anti-PfNapL antibodies (1:250), followed by incubation with Alexa Fluor-conjugated secondary antibodies (Alexa Fluor 488, green; Alexa Fluor 594, red). DIC: differential interference contrast image, DAPI: nuclear staining 40, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue); PfCoSP: mouse anti-PfCoSP (green); PfNapL: anti-PfNapL antibody (red); merge: overlay of PfCoSP with PfNapL (Scale bar: 2 mm). (C) Co-localization of PfCoSP with tubulin. Smears of methanol-fixed Pf3D7-infected erythrocytes were stained with antiPfCoSP (1:250) and anti-tubulin antibodies (1:250), followed by incubation with Alexa Fluor-conjugated secondary antibodies (Alexa Fluor 488, green; Alexa Fluor 594, red). DIC: differential interference contrast image, DAPI: nuclear staining 40, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue); PfCoSP: mouse anti-PfCoSP (green); Pftubulin-: anti-Pftubulin antibody (red); merge: overlay of PfCoSP with Pftubulin (Scale bar: 2 mm). Behl A, Shoaib R, De Leon F, Kumari G, Saini M, Madan E, Kumar V, Singh H, Kumari J, Maurya P, Garg S, Chandra Mishra P, Arenz C, Singh S. Targeting an essential Plasmodium cold shock protein to block growth and transmission of malaria parasite. iScience. 2023 11;26(5):106637.