Detection of multiple-clone infections in blood and brain by double-labeled IFAT: MSP-1 serotypes of P. falciparum in peripheral blood and brain tissue of patient 13. (A and B) P. falciparum schizont-infected erythrocytes cultured from the peripheral blood (A) and homogenate from the frontal lobe of the brain (B) of the same child. A majority of schizonts (red) reacted with MSP-1 block 4-specific MAb 10-2B (immunoglobulin G2a) plus RITC-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin G2a. A minority of schizonts (green) were positive with MAb 12.1 (immunoglobulin G1) plus FITC-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin G1. The detectable serotypes or relative proportions of sequestered and circulating parasites did not differ. Magnification, 630.

(C) Thin smear prepared from a supraorbital needle sample from patient SO, showing a mixed infection of two MSP-2 serotypes in a brain capillary. Some schizonts (red) reacted with MSP-2 group B-specific MAb 8G10/48 (immunoglobulin G2b) plus RITC conjugated anti-immunoglobulin G2b, whereas others (green) reacted with MSP-2 group A-specific MAb 12.3 (immunoglobulin G1) plus FITC-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin G1. Magnification, 630.

Dobaño C, Rogerson SJ, Taylor TE, McBride JS, Molyneux ME. Expression of merozoite surface protein markers by Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in peripheral blood and tissues of children with fatal malaria. Infect Immun. 2007 75:643-52.