Upper panel: IFA visualization of subcellular actin in rings using an anti-Pfactin-I antibody (rabbit #2). Second panel: Two-color IFA assay using anti-Pfactin-I (rabbit #2, green) and anti-nuclear pore (PF14_0706) antibody (rat, red). Third panel: Combined FISH/IFA assay in rings showing partial colocalization of chromosome internal var genes (upsC-type) and actin. Fourth panel: IFA analysis of HA-actin-transfected ring stage parasites using mouse anti-HA antibody (red) and anti-Pfactin-I antibody (rabbit #2, green). IFA analysis with anti-Pfactin-I antibodies or with anti-HA antibody in HAactin-transfected 3D7 parasites confirmed the restricted location of actin to the nucleus in ring stage parasites and demonstrated that it concentrated in foci at the nuclear periphery. Colocalization with a nuclear pore antibody indicates that the staining is limited to the inner side of the nucleus.

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