Hypothetical model of the inside-out egress of activated gametocytes from the RBC. The estimated time lapse is indicated. EM, erythrocyte membrane, IMC, inner membrane complex; PPM, parasite plasma membrane; PVM, parasitophorous vacuole membrane; T, temperature, XA, xanthurenic acid. Wirth CC, Glushakova S, Scheuermayer M, Repnik U, Garg S, Schaack D, Kachman MM, Weißbach T, Zimmerberg J, Dandekar T, Griffiths G, Chitnis CE, Singh S, Fischer R, Pradel G. Perforin-like protein PPLP2 permeabilizes the red blood cell membrane during egress of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. Cell Microbiol. 2014 PMID: 24602217