Trafficking of the knob-associated histidine-rich protein, KAHRP, in the cytosol of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes, and its relative location to the LMV. Immunofluorescence studies were performed on air-dried monolayers of parasite cultures adapted to in vitro growth (A) Cytosolic trafficking patterns of KAHRP. Cell monolayers of TM284S2(K+) at ring (12 h), mid-trophozoite (20 h) and late trophozoite stages (32 h) were probed with mab89 antibodies. A dashed line outlines the erythrocyte membrane. (B) Staining with anti-KAHRP and anti-PfEMP1 antibodies. Dual localization of CY3-labeled KAHRP, (red) and FITC-labeled PfEMP1 was performed on TM284S2(K+) and FCR3S1.2(K−) parasites at trophozoite stages (≈24 h). Merged image show no co-localization in LMV. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Haeggström M, Kironde F, Berzins K, Chen Q, Wahlgren M, Fernandez V. Common trafficking pathway for variant antigens destined for the surface of the Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2004 133:1-14. Copyright Elsevier 2010.