PfATG18-3HA-DD trophozoites (C) were treated with DMSO (control) or LY294002 (LY) for 40 min (C). Subsequently, the parasites were fixed, and IFA was performed using anti-HA antibody. (D) Parasite lines overexpressing PfATG18/AA-3HA-DDepi

were used for IFA after 120 h of Shld-1 treatment. While PfATG18 exhibited punctate localization, PfATG18-AA was diffused in the parasite cytoplasm. The mutation of the FRRG motif resulted in diffused staining in parasite cytoplasm (D), suggesting that PfATG18 subcellular localization is dependent on its interaction with PI3P.

Bansal P, Tripathi A, Thakur V, Mohmmed A, Sharma P. Autophagy-Related Protein ATG18 Regulates Apicoplast Biogenesis in Apicomplexan Parasites. MBio. 2017 Oct 31;8(5). pii: e01468-17. PMID: 29089429