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Properties of proteins exported to erythrocyte |
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Boddey JA, Cowman AF. Plasmodium nesting: remaking the erythrocyte from the inside out. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2013;67:243-69. PMID: 23808341. |
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Name |
PfID |
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Size of gene family |
Genetic knockout |
Final localization |
Function |
Feature/structure |
Transcript |
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| 12208 |
KAHRP/HRP1 |
PF3D7_0202000 |
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1 |
Yes |
Underside of erythrocyte membrane |
Formation of knob structures |
His-rich domains |
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| 12226 |
HRP2 |
PF3D7_0831800 |
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1 |
Not attempted; some strains lack gene |
Erythrocyte cytoplasm |
Unknown |
His-rich proteins |
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| 12238 |
HRP3 |
PF3D7_1372200 |
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1 |
Not attempted; some strains lack gene |
Erythrocyte cytoplasm |
Unknown |
His-rich proteins |
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| 12230 |
S-antigen |
PF3D7_1035200 |
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3 |
Yes |
Erythrocyte cytoplasm |
Increased erythrocyte rigidity when function removed |
Unique |
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| 12219 |
PfEMP2/MESA |
PF3D7_0500800 |
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1 |
Not attempted; some strains lack gene |
Underside of erythrocyte membrane |
Binds to host protein 4.1 |
Large, highly repetitive |
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| 12207 |
PfEMP3 |
PF3D7_0201900 |
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1 |
Yes |
Underside of erythrocyte membrane |
Truncation acts as dominant negative blocking PfEMP1 trafficking |
Large, highly repetitive |
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| 12209 |
PfPTP1 |
PF3D7_0202200 |
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1 |
Yes |
Maurer's cleft |
PfEMP1 recruitment into Maurer's clefts |
Single TMD |
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| 12240 |
PfPTP3 |
PF3D7_1478600 |
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1 |
Yes |
Erythrocyte cytoplasm |
PfEMP1 display on the erythrocyte surface, increased rigidity of erythrocyte |
Large repetitive protein |
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| 12222 |
PfPTP4 |
PF3D7_0730900 |
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1 |
Yes |
ND |
Decreased PfEMP1 display on the erythrocyte surface |
Repetitive protein |
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| 12229 |
PfPTP5 |
PF3D7_1002100 |
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1 |
Yes |
ND |
Decreased PfEMP1 display on the erythrocyte surface |
Repetitive protein |
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| 12237 |
PfPTP6 |
PF3D7_1302000 |
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Yes |
ND |
Decreased PfEMP1 display on the erythrocyte surface |
Unique |
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| 24566 |
Conserved |
PF3D7_0801900 |
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1 |
Yes |
ND |
Decreased rigidity of erythrocyte for knockout |
Unique |
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| 12236 |
Exported hyp12 |
PF3D7_1301400 |
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1 |
Yes |
ND |
Increased rigidity of erythrocyte for knockout |
Unique |
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| 12216 |
RIFIN |
PF3D7_0324800 |
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∼200 |
Yes |
Erythrocyte surface/Maurer's cleft |
Not known |
Members of 2TMD superfamily |
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| 12213 |
STEVOR |
PF3D7_0221400 |
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∼30 |
Yes |
Erythrocyte membrane/Maurer's cleft |
Increased rigidity of erythrocyte in gametocyte clones having increased expression |
Members of 2TMD superfamily |
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| 12205 |
FIKK |
PF3D7_0102600 |
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∼18 |
Yes |
Erythrocyte cytoplasm |
Potential kinases |
Kinase domain |
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| 12231 |
DnaJ pseudogene |
PF3D7_1039100 |
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1 |
Yes |
ND |
Required for knob assembly |
Hsp40-like (DnaJ type IV) |
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| 12212 |
DnaJ protein |
PF3D7_0220100 |
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1 |
Yes |
ND |
Increased rigidity of erythrocyte for knockout |
Hsp40-like (DnaJ type IV) |
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| 12235 |
PfGECO |
PF3D7_1253000 |
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1 |
Yes |
Erythrocyte cytoplasm |
Gametocyte proteinnot known |
Hsp40-like (DnaJ type IV) |
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| 12232 |
AMA1 |
PF3D7_1133400 |
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∼19 |
Yes |
Erythrocyte cytoplasm, some in J-dots |
Likely cochaperones |
Hsp40-like (DnaJ type II/III/IV) |
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| 12203 |
PHISTa |
PF3D7_0102000 |
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∼17 |
Not attempted |
ND |
PHIST domain function unknown |
PHISTa domain |
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| 12206 |
PHISTb |
PF3D7_0201600 |
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∼23 |
Not attempted |
ND |
PHIST domain function unknown |
PHISTb domain |
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| 12218 |
PHISTb |
PF3D7_0424600 |
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1 |
Yes |
ND |
Required for knob assembly |
PHISTb domain |
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| 12239 |
PHISTb |
PF3D7_1401600 |
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1 |
Yes |
ND |
Decreased rigidity of erythrocyte for knockout |
PHISTb domain |
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| 12204 |
RESA |
PF3D7_0102200 |
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∼7 |
Yes |
Underside of erythrocyte membrane |
Binds and stabilizes spectrin tetramer enhancing resistance to thermal and mechanical insults, decreased rigidity of erythrocyte for knockout |
Hsp40-like (DnaJ type IV), PHISTb domain |
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| 12232 |
AMA1 |
PF3D7_1133400 |
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∼14 |
Not attempted |
ND |
PHIST domain function unknown |
PHISTc domain |
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| 12223 |
PfPTP2 |
PF3D7_0731100 |
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1 |
Yes |
Vesicles in erythrocyte cytoplasm |
PfEMP1 display on the erythrocyte surface |
Repetitive domain, PHISTc domain |
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| 12202 |
PfMC-2TM |
PF3D7_0101300 |
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∼12 |
Not attempted |
Maurer's cleft and under erythrocyte membrane |
Unknown |
Members of 2TMD superfamily |
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Proteins lacking PEXEL: PNEPs |
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| 12234 |
PfEMP1 family |
PF3D7_1200600 |
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∼60 |
Yes; e.g.,var2csa |
Erythrocyte surface |
Adherence to host receptors, antigenic variation, e.g., Var2CSA binds to CSAc |
Large membrane protein with DBL domains |
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| 12220 |
SBP1 |
PF3D7_0501300 |
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1 |
Yes |
Maurer's cleft |
Trafficking of PfEMP1 to Maurer's cleft/erythrocyte surface |
Single TMD |
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| 12211 |
MSP4 |
PF3D7_0207000 |
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1 |
Yes |
Maurer's cleft |
Trafficking of PfEMP1 to Maurer's cleft |
Single TMD |
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| 12210 |
MSP5 |
PF3D7_0206900 |
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1 |
No |
Maurer's cleft |
Component of Maurer's cleft tethers |
Single hydrophobic region |
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| 12227 |
REX1 |
PF3D7_0935900 |
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1 |
Yes; some strains lack gene |
Maurer's cleft |
Required for Maurer's cleft architecture and linked to PfEMP1 display |
Signal sequence, coiled-coil domain |
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| 12228 |
REX2 |
PF3D7_0936000 |
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1 |
Not attempted; some strains lack gene |
Maurer's cleft |
Unknown |
Single TMD |
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| 12233 |
Pf332 |
PF3D7_1149000 |
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1 |
Yes |
Maurer's cleft |
Potential adhesive protein, possibly Maurer's cleft architecture and host cell rigidity |
Large protein with TMD and single DBL domain |
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| 12215 |
CLAG3.1 |
PF3D7_0302500 |
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1 |
No; some strains lack either gene |
Erythrocyte surface |
Surface anion channel |
Possibly two TMDs |
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| 12214 |
CLAG3.2 |
PF3D7_0302200 |
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1 |
No; some strains lack either gene |
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Surface anion channel |
Possibly two TMDs |
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| 12225 |
Hsp70-x |
PF3D7_0831700 |
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1 |
Not attempted |
J-dots |
Unknown |
ATPase and Hsp70 domains |
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| 12217 |
SURFIN |
PF3D7_0402200 |
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∼11 |
Not attempted |
Maurer's cleft |
Unknown |
Cys-rich domainTwo variable domainsSingle TMD |
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| 12221 |
SEMP1 |
PF3D7_0702400 |
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1 |
Yes |
Maurer's cleft |
Unknown |
Single TMD |
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All PEXEL proteins contain a signal sequence. |
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Abbreviations: PfEMP1, Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1; CSA, chondroitin sulfate A; TMD, transmembrane domain; Hsp, heat shock protein; PHIST, Plasmodium helical interspersed subtelomeric superfamily; DBL, Duffy binding-like; Cys, cys |
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