The figure represents the various apicoplast compartments delimited by four membranes (green). The most relevant apicoplast functions sustaining Plasmodium spp. intraerythrocytic development are represented. Antibiotics having a specific effect on the organelle are indicated by names in red. Apicoplast potential drug targets that have been confirmed by IPP supplementation are depicted in red circles and are placed in their hypothetical organelle position. The big variety of antibiotics active against the translation machinery are listed on the right panel, representing an enlargement of the ribosome including the elongation factors EF-G, EF-Tu and a circle representing the apicoplast tRNA synthetases. Abbreviations: aaRS, aminacyl-tRNA synthetase; ABCF1, ATP-binding cassette protein F1; ATG8/18, autophagy-related protein 8/18; ATrx1/2, apicoplast-thioredoxin 1/2; ClpC/P, caseinolytic protease C/P; DMAP, dimethylallyl-pyrophosphate; DMT2, divalent metal transporter 2; DXS, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase; DXR, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase; EF-G, elongation factor G; EF-Tu, elongation factor thermo unstable; GA3P, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; IMC, innermost compartment; IPP, isopentenyl pyrophosphate; IspD, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase; IspE, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase; IspF, 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase; IspG, 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl 8