Model for Plasmodium proteins at the PVM in asexual blood stages (bottom), gametocytes (upper left), and liver stages (upper right). Proteins where formal proof for a given stage is missing are shown in pale colors. Abbreviations: ETRAMP, early transcribed membrane proteins; EXP1, exported protein 1; IBIS1, intra-erythrocytic P. berghei-induced structures protein; Pfs16, Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage specific protein of 16 kDa; PPM, parasite plasma membrane; PTEX, Plasmodium translocon of exported proteins; PV, parasitophorous vacuole; PVM, parasitophorous vacuolar membrane. Spielmann T, Montagna GN, Hecht L, Matuschewski K. Molecular make-up of the Plasmodium parasitophorous vacuolar membrane. Int J Med Microbiol. 2012 302(4-5):179-86. PMID: 22898489.