The life stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium within both the host and the vector, along with protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) that accompany the parasite life cycle. The parasite stages include sporozoites (s), liver exoerythrocytic forms (EEFs), merozoites (m) (after egress from hepatocytes or erythrocytes, with malarial pigment hemozoin (HZ) released from infected erythrocytes), ring forms (r), trophozoites (t), schizonts (sh), gametocytes (g), male (micro-) or female (macro-) gametes (mg and fg, respectively), zygotes (zg), ookinetes (ok), and oocysts (oc). The life stages in the vector (mosquito) are separated by a dotted line from those in the host (human). Protein PTMs are present or implicated in all parasite stages. Schwarzer E, Skorokhod O. Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins of Malaria Parasites during the Life Cycle. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 25(11):6145.