Scheme of the distribution of Ca2+ in malaria parasites. Ca2+ entry is probably through unidentified Ca2+ channels (a). Once inside the cells, Ca2+ can be translocated back to the extracellular environment by an unidentified Ca2+ pump (b). In addition, Ca2+ can be sequestered in the ER by a SERCA (c), in the digestive vacuole by a SERCA-type Ca2+-ATPase (d), in the acidocalcisomes (Ac) by an unknown mechanism (e), or in the mitochondrion driven by the electrochemical potential (DC) (f). Ca2+ is released from the ER by an IP3-sensitive receptor (g) and from the mitochondrion by a Ca2+/H+ exchanger (CAX) (h), but the mechanisms of Ca2+ release from the digestive vacuole (i) and acidocalcisomes (j) are unknown. Calcium in Malaria Parasites Encyclopedia of Malaria DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8757-9_54-1