Effect of PfCullin-2 knock-down on parasite morphology. Synchronized PfCull2KD3D7 parasites were cultured with (+TMP) or without (-TMP) trimethoprim for three consecutive cycles, and parasites were observed for morphology at the end of each cycle. Shown are the TEM images of 3rd cycle schizonts with multiple merozoites (Mero). The zoomed-in section shows clearly delimited membraned structures (N: nucleus, ER: endoplasmic reticulum, Mem: membrane) in +TMP parasites, which are poorly visible in–TMP parasites. Rizvi Z, Reddy GS, Gorde SM, Pundir P, Das D, Sijwali PS. Plasmodium falciparum contains functional SCF and CRL4 ubiquitin E3 ligases, and CRL4 is critical for cell division and membrane integrity. PLoS Pathog. 2024 20(2):e1012045.