Expression and localization of PfCullin-1. B. The ring, early trophozoite (ET), late trophozoite (LT) and schizont (Sch) stages of PfCul1GFPKI parasites were assessed for localization of PfCullin-1/GFP by live-cell fluorescence microscopy. The panels show signal for PfCullin-1/GFP (Cullin-1), nuclear stain (Hoechst), bright field with RBC and parasite boundaries (DIC) and overlap of the three images (Merged). C. The confocal images of fixed PfCul1GFPKI trophozoite stage show colocalization of PfCullin-1/GFP with the nuclear stain DAPI (Pearson’s coefficient 0.59±0.10 from 27 images). The panels are as in B except that DAPI was used for nuclear staining. Rizvi Z, Reddy GS, Gorde SM, Pundir P, Das D, Sijwali PS. Plasmodium falciparum contains functional SCF and CRL4 ubiquitin E3 ligases, and CRL4 is critical for cell division and membrane integrity. PLoS Pathog. 2024 28;20(2):e1012045. PMID: 38416790