S1P-mediated PfHDAC-1 regulation alters the overall transcriptional response of P. falciparum. Immunofluorescence analysis to show alteration in α-tubulin expression upon treatment of Pf3D7 schizonts parasitized erythrocytes with PF-543 (2 μM). The parasite nuclei were stained with Hoechst (blue). Scale bar: 5 μm. (B, panel II) Bar graph depicting the average fluorescence intensity for each condition (n = 3; Student's t test; *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.0005). Sah RK, Anand S, Dar W, Jain R, Kumari G, Madan E, Saini M, Gupta A, Joshi N, Hada RS, Gupta N, Pati S, Singh S. Host-Erythrocytic Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Regulates Plasmodium Histone Deacetylase Activity and Exhibits Epigenetic Control over Cell Death and Differentiation. Microbiol Spectr. 2023 11(2):e0276622.