Disruption of RAMA leads to selective mislocalisation of some but not all rhoptry proteins. (A) IFA showing that the staining profile of RAP2, RhopH1/Clag3.1, Rh5, RhopH2, ARO and RhopH3 was unaltered between DMSO- and RAP-treated RAMAloxP clone 9C10 schizonts. Scale bar, 2 μm. (B) IFA showing that, whilst RhopH3 and RhopH1/Clag3.1 staining was unaffected by RAMA disruption, RON2, RON3 and RON4 staining was modified in RAP-treated RAMAloxP clone 9C10 schizonts. In all cases, the staining was much weaker in the RAMAΔE2 parasites and lacked the characteristically punctate, apically-disposed pattern typical of rhoptry staining. Scale bar, 2 μm.

Sherling ES, Perrin AJ, Knuepfer E, Russell MRG, Collinson LM, Miller LH,Blackman MJ. The Plasmodium falciparum rhoptry bulb protein RAMA plays an essential role in rhoptry neck morphogenesis and host red blood cell invasion PLoS Pathog. 2019 15(9):e1008049.