Rapamycin strongly and specifically depletes PfAMA1 expression in late stage parasites. Schizonts of rapamycin-treated parasites were dual labelled with anti-MSP1 (red) and anti-PfAMA1 (green) to show reduction in PfAMA1 expression. Schizonts displaying a gradient of high (arrow, top row), medium (bottom row) and low (arrowhead, top row) levels of PfAMA1 expression were observed. Scale bar is 5 μm. Azevedo MF, Gilson PR, Weiss GE, O'Neill MT, Wilson DW, Crabb BS, Cowman AF. Conditional expression of apical membrane antigen 1 in Plasmodium falciparum shows it is required for erythrocyte invasion by merozoites. Cell Microbiol. 2014