Effects of typically used autophagy inducer/inhibitors on Atg8 levels and localization. Early/mid trophozoite stage parasites were cultured in HBSS (Starved) or in complete medium containing DMSO (Control) or the indicated autophagy inhibitors (5 mM 3MA, 30 nM CQ, 22 mM E64, and 220 mM pepstatin (Pep); all except 3MA are at concentrations 3x IC50) for 8 hours, and then parasites were evaluated for localization of Atg8 by IFA using anti-Atg8 antibodies. The parasite show similar Atg8 signal regardless of the treatment. The experiment was repeated three times, and the results were reproducible.

Navale R, Atul, Allanki AD, Sijwali PS. Characterization of the Autophagy Marker Protein Atg8 Reveals Atypical Features of Autophagy in Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS One. 2014 Nov 26;9(11):e113220.