Localisation of PfDDX3X and qRT-PCR. The fixed cells were stained with pre-immune sera or anti-PfDDX3X antisera followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) cross-adsorbed secondary antibody and counterstained with DAPI. Each panel shows confocal images of different stages. A. Pre-immune staining, B. Merozoite stage, C. Ring stage, D. Trophozoite stage, E. Schizont stage (i) All (ii) PfDDX3X (iii) DAPI (iv) merged (DAPI+PfDDX3X), (v) TD. The PfDDX3X was detected in all the intraerythrocytic developmental stages. The expression of PfDDX3X is mainly in the cytoplasm during merozoite stage (i-v). In all other stages (ring, trophozoite, and schizont stage) the expression is in both cytoplasm and nucleus (nucleocytoplasmic) (iv).

Sourabh S, Yasmin R, Tuteja R. Plasmodium falciparum DDX3X is a nucleocytoplasmic protein and requires N-terminal for DNA helicase activity. Parasitol Int. 2021 Jul 12:102420.