P. falciparum AP-2m is localized to a noncanonical cytoplasmic compartment. (Left panel) Localization of AP-2m-3xHA (green) across the asexual life cycle by anti-HA IFA, counterstained for parasite DNA with DAPI (blue). The images shown are representative of more than 100 cells examined at each stage; merge is the superimposition of each channel on a brightfield image (WF). Maximum intensity z-projections are shown. Scale bar, 2 mm. (Lower panel) Immunoelectron micrograph of a representative young intraerythrocytic trophozoite. AP-2m-3xHA parasites probed with an anti-HA rabbit antibody and a secondary antibody 18 nm gold conjugate. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a marker for the parasite ER, is detected by an anti-PDI mouse antibody and a secondary conjugated to 12-nm gold particles. N, nucleus; FV, food vacuole; H, hemazoin; PM/PV, plasma membrane/parasitophorous vacuole; empty arrows, AP-2m associated with vesicles; black arrows, AP-2m at the plasma membrane; white-outlined arrows, AP-2m in the cytosol. Scale bar, 500 nm. (Right panel) Localization of AP-2m-3xHA (green) with respect to episomally expressed GFP-K13 (red) across the asexual life cycle by IFA. Representative images of more than 100 observed cells is shown. Maximum intensity z-projections are shown. Scale bar, 2 mm.

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