(D, E) Left, live cell images of control and ΔEXP1 (rapalog) parasites expressing Lyn-mCherry (PPM marker) (D) or labelled with Bodipy TR ceramide (BODIPY) (E). Light blue arrowheads, blebs; yellow arrowheads, TVN. Graphs: quantification of number of blebs per cell (controls N = 25, 73 for (D) and (E), respectively; ΔEXP1 (rapalog) n = 28 and 156 for (D) and (E), respectively.

Left, IFA of control and ΔEXP1 (rapalog) late-stage gametocytes using α-HA to detect EXP1*-HA and α-Pfg377 (late-stage gametocyte marker)

Mesén-Ramírez P, Bergmann B, Tran TT, Garten M, Stäcker J, Naranjo-Prado I, Höhn K, Zimmerberg J, Spielmann T. EXP1 is critical for nutrient uptake across the parasitophorous vacuole membrane of malaria parasites. PLoS Biol. 2019 17(9):e3000473