Malaria effector proteins are secreted by PTEX. (A) The Plasmodium translocon of exported proteins is a vacuolar membrane protein complex that translocates effector malarial proteins across the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) surrounding the Plasmodium parasite following invasion of the human red blood cell. (B) The core of PTEX is composed of HSP101/ClpB2, PTEX150, and EXP2, is complemented by accessory proteins TRX2 and PTEX88. Simplified drawing of PTEX emphasizing the core subunit stoichiometry and the six-to-seven symmetry mismatch, with three views of the core PTEX structure determined by cryo-EM. Ho CM, Beck JR, Lai M, Cui Y, Goldberg DE, Egea PF, Zhou ZH. Malaria parasite translocon structure and mechanism of effector export. Nature. 2018 561(7721):70-75. PMID: 30150771