Model for PfPDEd function in gametocytes. Left: In immature gametocyte stages, PfPDEd expression is low, resulting in high cAMP levels in the parasitophorous vacuole(PV). Pores at the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) allow the passage of cAMP into the red cell, thereby activating the human HsPKA. HsPKA phosphorylates Stevor and one or several proteins directly or indirectly involved in NPP activity, leading to an increase in infected erythrocyte stiffness and permeability. Right: In mature gametocyte stages, PfPDEd is highly expressed and degrades cAMP in the PV. As a result, HsPKA activity decreases and proteins involved in deformability and permeability are dephosphorylated, leading to a decrease in infected erythrocyte stiffness and channel activity.

N'Dri ME, Tavella TA, Royer L, Dupuy F, Bedault L, Verdier F, Lavazec C. Phosphodiesterase delta governs the mechanical properties of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. Microbes Infect. 2023 25(5):105102. PMID: 36708871.