Nuclear organization of a P. falciparum ring and a T. brucei bloodstream form. a, P. falciparum ring inside erythrocyte. b, T. brucei bloodstream form. In both parasites, antigen-coding genes occupy distinct regions in the nucleus, with the single expressed antigens positioned away from the silent antigen genes. In T. brucei, the active VSG gene makes frequent inter-chromosomal DNA–DNA interactions with a region important for mRNA maturation that is transcribed into the SL RNA. Barcons-Simon A, Carrington M, Siegel TN. Decoding the impact of nuclear organization on antigenic variation in parasites. Nat Microbiol. 2023 8(8):1408-1418. PMID: 37524976.