ΔPFA iRBCs display altered KAHRP distribution. A) IFA assay of MeOH-Ac-fixed CS2 and ΔPFA using α-KAHRP antibodies reveals punctate patterns. A trend was noticed towards bigger spots in the truncation strain and verified using automated measuring via an ImageJ algorithm. D) Live cell imaging of DAPI stained CS2[KAHRP::mCherry] and ΔPFA[KAHRP::mCherry]. KAHRP::mCherry can be seen in both cell lines as punctate patterns; however, CS2 displays smaller and more dots. E) Immunogold labelling of iRBC sections in TEM using α-KAHRP antibodies. Images demonstrate label

associated with normal knobs and deformed knobs in CS2 and ΔPFA, respectively. Framed areas can be seen enlarged below.

Diehl M, Roling L, Rohland L, Weber S, Cyrklaff M, Sanchez CP, Beretta CA, Simon CS, Guizetti J, Hahn J, Schulz N, Mayer MP, Przyborski JM. Co-chaperone involvement in knob biogenesis implicates host-derived chaperones in malaria virulence. PLoS Pathog. 2021 Oct 6;17(10):e1009969.