Immunofluorescence analysis using antibodies against the nucleolar protein PfNop1 (red) combined with DNA FISH (green) for individual rRNA genes (A1, A2, S1, S2, and 5S) and a subtelomeric unrelated gene (PFD0110w) on chromosome 4. The percentage of signals that localized in or near the nucleolus and the number of nuclei analyzed are as follows: A1 93.2%, n = 73; A2 90.5%, n = 95; S1 92.3%, n = 91; S2 90.0%, n = 80; 5S 90.6%, n = 128; PFD0110w 24.6%, n = 57. Parasites are in ring stage, and nuclear DNA is stained with DAPI (blue). (Scale bar, 1 μm.

Mancio-Silva L, Zhang Q, Scheidig-Benatar C, Scherf A. Clustering of dispersed ribosomal DNA and its role in gene regulation and chromosome-end associations in malaria parasites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 107(34):15117-22.