Localization of PfHMGB1 and PfHMGB2 in 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum parasite. mmunofluorescence in ring, trophozoite and schizonts of P. falciparum with anti-HMGB1 [A] and anti-HMGB2 [B] using IFA and confocal microscopy were analyzed. In column I, staining with anti-HMGBs is shown, while in column II staining with DAPI, column III merge of staining with anti-HMGBs and DAPI, column IV, merge of staining by anti-HMGBs and DAPI with the bright field of the corresponding parasites is presented. Column V, confocal images are shown. Uninfected RBCs were represented with arrowhead, where no fluorescence signal was observed. Both gene products were present in the nucleus at the ring stage . However,significant amount of these proteins were also present inthe parasite cytosol at the trophozoite and schizont stages

Kumar K, Singal A, Rizvi MM, Chauhan VS. High mobility group box (HMGB) proteins of Plasmodium falciparum: DNA binding proteins with pro-inflammatory activity. Parasitol Int. 2008 57(2):150-7.