Localization of Plasmodium falciparum macrophage-migration inhibitory factor (PfMIF) in blood-stage parasites. Tightly synchronized parasites at different stages were stained with 4-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) to identify infected red blood cells (iRBCs), with P. falciparum skeleton bindingprotein 1 (PfSBP1) antiserum to indicate the iRBC cytosol, and with anti–PfMIF peptide IgG to determine their localization within iRBCs. The arrows in the bright-field micrographs indicate iRBCs. In ring-stage parasites, PfMIF was almost exclusively located within the parasite. However, as the parasites developed into trophozoites, PfMIF was clearly detected in both the parasite and the iRBC cytosol. Copyright Oxford University Press 2011.

Cordery DV, Kishore U, Kyes S, Shafi MJ, Watkins KR, Williams TN, Marsh K, Urban BC. Characterization of a Plasmodium falciparum macrophage-migration inhibitory factor homologue. J Infect Dis. 2007 195:905-12.