Immunofluorescence microscopy of P. falciparum merozoites and sexual stages. Upper panel A: fresh merozoite preparations were treated with anti-PfP0N (a, N-terminal), anti-PfP0C (b, C-terminal) and anti-MSP1 antibodies, each at a dilution of 1:50. Bound antibodies were visualized with anti-rabbit IgG-FITC secondary antibodies. The left hand panels show the bright field, and the right hand panels show the immunofluorescence. Bar corresponds to 1 mm. Lower Panel B: co-staining immunofluorescence analysis of macro gametes and red cell-free gametocytes. Panel a (bright field); b and c (corresponding immunofluorescent images) of a clump of two gametes and one gametocyte. Panel d (bright field), e and f (corresponding immunofluorescent images) of a single gametocyte. Panel g and i are the bright fields showing a gametocyte, while h andj are the corresponding immunofluorescent images, respectively.Panels a–f show the parasites treated with rabbit anti-PfP0N and Mab anti-Pfs230 [21]; g and h are gametocytes treated with rabbit pre-immune sera, and i and j are gametocytes treated with Mab anti-Pfg27, an internal marker of sexual stages . Anti-PfP0N was visualized with anti- rabbit IgG rhodamine secondary antibodies (b, e), while the monoclonal antibodies were visualized with anti-mouse IgG-FITC secondary antibodies (c, f and j). Rabbit pre-immune serum (panel h) was visualized with anti-rabbit IgG-FITC. All antibodies were used at 1:100 dilution. Bar corresponds to 5 mm.

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