Effect of K13 mutation and/or drug exposure on export of VAR2CSA and cytoadherence and models. IFA and fluorescence VAR2CSA (green) export to the red cell by 4nM DHA in artemisinin sensitive CS2 strain, relative to mock treatment. Exp-2 (red, is Pf Exported protein 2 marker of theparasitophorous vacuolar membrane, PVM); Hoechst (blue), parasite nucleus; dotted line,red cell periphery. P, parasite; R, red cell. Scale bar, 5 μm.

Bhattacharjee S, Coppens I, Mbengue A, Suresh N, Ghorbal M, Slouka Z, Safeukui I, Tang HY, Speicher DW, Stahelin RV, Mohandas N, Haldar K. Remodeling of the malaria parasite and host human red cell by vesicle amplification that induces artemisinin resistance. Blood. 2018 Jan 23. pii: blood-2017-11-814665. [Epub ahead of print]