IFA showing the effects of rapamycin (RAP) treatment on PfPDEβ-HA protein expression. Cycle 0 schizonts were co-stained with anti-HA (green), anti-AMA1 (red), and DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 5 μm. Lower panel: IFA showing the effects of RAP treatment on

PfPDEβ-HA protein expression. Cycle 0 schizonts were co-stained with anti-HA (green), anti-AMA1 (red), and DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 5 μm. (Representative microscopy images taken at 40× magnification are shown to the right. Anti-HA (yellow), and DAPI (cyan). Scale bar, 10 μm. AMA1, apical membrane antigen-1; Ablation of expression of the haemagglutinin (HA)–tagged PDEβ catalytic domain following RAP treatment of synchronous ring-stage cultures was confirmed.

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