Export of Proteins
Protein delivery into the PV and the infected host cell. The entry mechanism and initial formation of the PV rely on machineries that are conserved across the phylum . In contrast, the diversity of dense core granule populations among Apicomplexa parasit
04/04/2024
Translocation and transport pathways
Comparison of the vacuolar translocation and transport pathways in Plasmodium. Effector protein translocation is mediated by the PTEX complex. u and r indicate unfolding and refolding steps prior to and after translocation. PF3D7_1105600 PTEX subunit EXP2
19/03/2024
Epigenetics and Epitranscriptomics
Schematic of epigenetics and epitranscriptomics. Epigenetics includes chemical modifications of DNA and histone proteins. Epitranscriptomics refers to all chemical modifications on RNA. Figure created with BioRender.com. Abbreviations: ?, pseudouridine; n
19/03/2024
DNA methylation is mediated by DNA methyltransferases
Bi-directional synthesis In many prokaryotes two replication forks develop from at the initiation site, each initiation fork traveling in opposite directions as shown here. Thus, what strand is lagging or leading depends on which replication fork you are
13/03/2024
Merozoite tomograph
Cryo-ET with Volta Phase Plate reveals the organization of subcellular organelles in Plasmodium falciparum merozoites. (A) Tomographic slice of a representative merozoite (left) and its 3D annotation showing the apical rings (orange), rhoptries (red), mem
06/03/2024
Parasitophorous vacuole proteins
Validation of parasitophorous vacuole localizationVacuolar residency is most commonly validated by genetic incorporation of protein tags, as opposed to the laborious and time-consuming generation of specific antibodies for immunofluorescence. Proper valid
05/03/2024
The parasitophorous vacuole (PV) membrane
The parasitophorous vacuole (PV) membrane (PVM) (blue) undergoes distinct morphological phases during parasite egress. On completion of schizogony, the merozoites align around the central food vacuole (dark brown) and the parasitophorous vacuole rounds up
05/03/2024
PLCd1 PH domain; pleckstrin homology (PH) domains of PLCd1 from the plasma membranes
Infection of human erythrocytes by the apicomplexan malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum results in endovacuolar uptake of 4 host proteins that reside in erythrocyte detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs). Whether this vacuolar transport reflects selecti
03/03/2024
Model of lipid and protein uptake into the erythrocyte DIV and the malarial vacuole
(A) The erythrocyte membrane contains a variety of phospholipids (PS, PI/PIP2, PE, PG, etc) and raft (stomatin, flotillins) and nonraft (actin, spectrin) proteins, most of which are taken up into DIV membranes. However, PE- and PG-type phospholipids are s
01/03/2024
Vacuolar secretion pathways
Vacuolar secretion pathways in Plasmodium. Effectors and virulence factors follow the general SRP/Sec61-dependent (Signal Recognition Particle/Sec61 translocon) parasitic secretion pathway starting in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and progressing through