Malaria Parasite Metabolic Pathways

Pathogenic mechanisms leading to the breakdown of BBB The fatality rate for CM is high, and those who survive CM often experience long-term sequelae, including cognitive and motor dysfunctions. It is unclear how parasites sequestered in the lumen of endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and loc

Different mechanisms of “lactylgenesis” Lactate, the end product of glycolysis, efficiently functions as the carbon source, signaling molecules and immune regulators. Lactylation, being regulated by lactate, has recently been confirmed as a novel contributor to epigenetic landscape, not only op

Erythropoiesis in malaria The interaction between inadequate erythropoiesis and Plasmodium parasite infection, which partly occurs in the bone marrow, has been poorly investigated to date. However, recent findings may provide new insights. This review outlines clinical and experim

Cholesterol binding proteins The parasite is unable to produce cholesterol itself and appears to remove cholesterol actively from its own plasma membrane, thereby setting up a cholesterol gradient inside the infected host erythrocyte. Overall a picture emerges in which the parasite r

The general ATPase cycle of HSP70 we summarize the current state of knowledge about one particular chaperone family, that of the HSP70, and highlight their importance, function, and potential co-chaperone interactions. This is then discussed with regard to the suitability of these protein

Lipid post-translational modifications mong these PTMs, lipidation plays a unique and key role in subcellular trafficking, signalling and membrane association of proteins through altering substrate function, and hydrophobicity via the addition and removal of lipid groups. Three prevalent class

Different types of rosette and the key players involved in rosette formation Since the discovery of rosettes in the late 1980s, different formation mechanisms and pathobiological roles have been postulated for rosetting; most of which have focused on Plasmodium falciparum. Recent breakthroughs, including new data from Plasmodium v

The ferredoxin redox system Plasmodium falciparum have shown that the iron sulfur cluster (FeS)-containing ferredoxin is essential in the blood stage parasites, Here we review ferredoxin’s crucial contribution to isoprenoid and lipoate biosynthesis as well as tRNA modification in th

Identification of erythrocyte proteins bound to exported P. falciparum proteins we used a biochemical screening approach to identify putative exported P. falciparum proteins that bound to inside-out vesicles prepared from erythrocytes. Out of 69 P. falciparum PEXEL-motif proteins tested, 18 bound to inside-out vesicles (IOVs) in two

Model for cAMP and Ca2+ mediated signaling pathways that regulate microneme secretion cAMP as a key regulator that triggers the timely secretion of microneme proteins enabling receptor-engagement and invasion. We demonstrate that exposure of merozoites to a low K+ environment, typical of blood plasma, activates a bicarbonate-sensitive cyto