Protein kinase coding genes
The list was prepared following Ward P, Equinet L, Packer J, Doerig C. 2004.  Protein kinases of the human malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum: the kinome of a divergent eukaryote. BMC Genomics.5:79.
PlasmoDB ID Annotation Literature Name Location Transcript EC# Essential Role
Cell-cycle-regulated protein kinases, Ser/Thr kinase
PF3D7_1201600 NIMA related kinase 3 NEK3 Apicoplast
2.7.11.1 not likely Dispensable for blood-stage asexual proliferation
Displays both Ser/Thr and Tyr kinase activities
PF3D7_0605300
erine/threonine protein kinase ark1 NEK5 Spindle poles
2.7.11.1 yes Nuclear division - Associates with spindle pole bodies during erythrocytic schizogony
Epistatic interaction with Pfnek-1
PF3D7_0719200
NIMA related kinase 4 NEK4 Spindle poles
2.7.11.1 no Proposed role in commitment to gametocytogenesis; associates with nuclei of committed schizonts
PF3D7_0525900
NIMA related kinase 2 NEK2 microtubules
2.7.11.1 not likely DNA replication during meiosis and ookinete development in P. berghei
PF3D7_1228300
NIMA related kinase 1 NEK1 cytoplasmic/ nuclear
2.7.11.1 yes Essential for asexual proliferation - Male-specific in gametocytes
Epistatic interaction with PfARK1
Cyclic-nucleotide- and calcium/phospholipid dependent kinases (AGC/Akt group)
PF3D7_1246900
RAC-beta serine/threonine protein kinase PKB
2.7.11.1 yes Invasion of erythrocytes - Phosphorylates Glideosome-associated protein GAP45
Regulated by calcium/calmodulin
PF3D7_0934800
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit PKAr
2.7.11.11 likely Invasion of erythrocytes
Phosphorylation of the moving junction protein AMA1 during invasion
Interacts with Rab proteins
Activated by melatonin treatment
Regulatory subunit regulated anion channel conductance
PF3D7_1436600
cGMP-dependent protein kinase PKG
2.7.11.12 yes Invasion of, and egress from, erythrocytes; Phosphorylates PfCDPK1
Phosphorylation-deficient PfPKG is functionally incompetent in merozoite egress
Release of the SUB1 protease from secretory organelles to mediate egress
Epistatic interaction with PfCDPK1 and PfCDKP4
Gametogenesis
Nucleotide-binding domain used as a cGMP sensor in mammalian cells
Control of calcium mobilisation, probably through phosphorylation of a calcium channel
PF3D7_1356800
serine/threonine protein kinase ark3, putative ARK3 perinuclear
2.7.11.1 yes Merozoite ontogeny during late schizogony
PF3D7_0309200
serine/threonine protein kinase ark2, putative ARK2
2.7.11.1 yes Likely essential for asexual proliferation - No functional data
PF3D7_1145200 serine/threonine protein kinase, putative Apicoplast
2.7.11.1 likely
PF3D7_1121900
3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
2.7.11.1 likely
Calmodulin-dependent kinases (CamK)
PF3D7_1423600 calcium-dependent protein kinase, putative
2.7.11.17 not likely
PF3D7_0610600
calcium-dependent protein kinase 2 CDPK2 Mitochondrion
2.7.11.1 likely Male gametogenesis (exflagellation)
Epistatic interaction with other CDPKs during invasion and motility
PF3D7_1337800
calcium-dependent protein kinase 5, CDPK5 CDPK5
2.7.1.1 yes Egress of merozoite from iRBCs
PF3D7_0310100
calcium-dependent protein kinase 3, CDPK3 CDPK3
2.7.11.17 likely
PF3D7_0717500
calcium-dependent protein kinase 4, CDPK4 CDPK4
2.7.11.1 no Male gametogenesis (exflagellation)
Epistatic interaction with PfPKG and other PfCDPKs
PF3D7_0217500
Calcium-dependent protein kinases; CDPK1 CDPK1
2.7.11.1 yes Invasion of erythrocytes - Phosphorylates Glideosome-associated protein GAP45
Invasion of erythrocytes - Interacts with 14-3-3
Egress from erythrocytes - Phosphorylates the SERA5 protease
Epistatic interaction with PfPKG
Early schizont development
Gametogenesis
PF3D7_0321400
pseudo protein kinase 1, putative STK
2.7.11.17
PF3D7_0214600 serine/threonine protein kinase stk2, putative -
2.7.11.1 no
PF3D7_0311400 kinase-related protein pkrp -
not likely
PF3D7_1123100
calcium-dependent protein kinase 7 CDPK7
2.7.11.17 no
PF3D7_1104900 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, putative
2.7.11.17 no
PF3D7_1122800
calcium-dependent protein kinase 6 CDPK6
2.7.11.13 no Transition from a migratory to an invasive phenotype in P. berghei sporozoites
PF3D7_0704500 serine/threonine protein kinase, putative Mitochondrion
2.7.11.1 no
PF3D7_1136500
casein kinase 1 CK1 micronemes
2.7.11.1 yes Associates with host erythrocyte membrane and is secreted to the extracellular medium
Associates with human CK1 and components of the erythrocyte trafficking machinery
Interacts with Rab proteins
Cyclin-dependent-(CDK), mitogen-activated- (MAPK), glycogen-synthase-(GSK)
PF3D7_1014400
MO15-related protein kinase MRK Nucleus
2.7.11.22 Yes Cell cycle control - Homologue of human CDK-activating kinase CDK7; associates with cyclin 1
PF3D7_1356900
protein kinase 5 PK5
2.7.11.22 yes Cell cycle control - activation of Origin of Replication Control (ORC) components
PF3D7_0615500
cdc2-related protein kinase 5 CRK5
2.7.11.22 not likely Regulation of the number of daughter merozoites; DNA replication during gametogenesis
PF3D7_0417800
cdc2-related protein kinase 1 CRK1
2.7.11.22 yes Homologue of mammalian p58 kinases that negatively regulate proliferation - no functional data
PF3D7_0317200
cdc2-related protein kinase 4 CRK4
2.7.11.22 yes DNA replication during schizogony
PF3D7_0415300
cdc2-related protein kinase 3 CRK3
2.7.11.22 yes Epigenetic control of gene expression - Associates with histone deacetylase activity in asexual parasites
PF3D7_1337100
protein kinase 6 PK6
2.7.11.22 yes Possesses features of both MAPKs and CDKs – no functional data available
PF3D7_0105800 cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit, putative
likely
PF3D7_0503500 protein kinase, putative
2.7.11.-
PF3D7_1106800 pseudo-tyrosine kinase-like protein
2.7.10.2
PF3D7_1445400
protein serine/threonine kinase-1 CLK1
2.7.11.1 yes Splicing - Phosphorylation of splicing factors in vitro
PF3D7_0302100
serine/threonine protein kinase SRPK1
2.7.11.1 yes likely essential for asexual proliferation
PF3D7_1443000
serine/threonine protein kinase SRPK2
2.7.11.1 yes Splicing - Phosphorylation of splicing factors in vitro
PF3D7_1338900 serine/threonine protein kinase, putative Apicoplast
2.7.11.1 no
PF3D7_1114700
cyclin-dependent-like kinase clk3 CLK3
2.7.11.1 likely Essential for liver and blood schizogony and gametocyte development
PF3D7_0821100 protein kinase 1 PK1
2.7.11.1 no
PF3D7_1316000
protein kinase, putative Mitochondrion
2.7.11.1 likely
PF3D7_1108400
casein kinase 2, alpha subunit CK2
2.7.11.1 yes Invasion of erythrocytes - Phosphorylates reticulocyte homologue protein 2b (PfRhbp2)
Chromatin assembly - Phosphorylates nucleosome assembly proteins, histones and Alba protein in vitro
Epigenetic control of gene expression - Phosphorylates heterochromatin protein 1 in vitro
PF3D7_0312400
glycogen synthase kinase 3 GSK3
2.7.11.26 yes Erythrocyte invasion - Phosphorylation of the moving junction protein AMA1; Exported to the erythrocyte
PF3D7_1113900
mitogen-activated protein kinase 2 MAPK2
2.7.11.24 yes
PF3D7_1431500
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 MAPK1
2.7.11.24 not likely Pfmap-1 lines do not display apparent phenotypes, but causes overexpression of Pfmap-2; Double Pfmap-1/Pfmap-2 KO do not display phenotypes in asexual proliferation
Tyrosine kinase like
PF3D7_1349300
tyrosine kinase-like protein TKL3
2.7.10.2 yes Co-localises with cytoskeleton microtubules
Mediates resistance to a compound targeting PfPKG
PF3D7_1238900
protein kinase 2 PK2
2.7.11.1 likely Important for invasion
PF3D7_0628200
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase PK4
2.7.11.1 yes Arrest of global translation in mature schizonts and gametocytes
PF3D7_0926300 protein kinase, putative
2.7.11.17 ?
PF3D7_0926000 protein kinase, putative 2.7.11.1
PF3D7_0715300 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, putative
2.7.11.17 not likely
PF3D7_1247500
serine/threonine protein kinase, putative
2.7.11.1 no
PF3D7_1454300
snf1-related serine/threonine protein kinase kin KIN
yes Nutrient sensing in P. berghei
PF3D7_0213400
protein kinase 7 PK7
2.7.11.1 not likely Regulation of the number of daughter merozoites and oocyst maturation
Response to melatonin
PF3D7_1474700 protein kinase, putative
PF3D7_1441300 serine/threonine protein kinase, putative
2.7.11.1 no
PF3D7_1444500 eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha kinase 1 eIK1
not likely Regulation of stress-response to amino-acid starvation
PF3D7_1331000 protein kinase, putative
PF3D7_0107600 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2
2.7.11.1 not likely Regulation of sporozoites latency in the mosquito salivary glands (P. berghei)
Upregulated in P. cynomolgi hypnozoites
PF3D7_1315100
serine/threonine protein kinase PK9 PK9
2.7.11.1 yes Phosphorylation of the  E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 13
Liver stage maturation
PF3D7_0928800 serine/threonine protein kinase, putative
2.7.11.1 ?
PF3D7_0718100
exported serine/threonine protein kinase EST
2.7.11.1 likely
PF3D7_0211700
tyrosine kinase-like protein, putative TKL1 Mitochondrion
2.7.11.1 yes
PF3D7_0623800
tyrosine kinase-like protein, putative TKL4
2.7.10.2 not likely
PF3D7_0926100 protein kinase, putative
2.7.11.1 no
PF3D7_0926300 protein kinase, putative
2.7.11.17
PF3D7_0203100
protein kinase, putative PfPK8
2.7.11.1 no
PF3D7_1148000
serine/threonine protein kinase, putative
2.7.11.1 yes
PF3D7_1121300
tyrosine kinase-like protein TKL2
2.7.10.2 no Closely related to human IRAK kinases; secreted to the extracellular medium; proposed role in immunomodulation
PF3D7_1433900 protein kinase, putative Apicoplast
2.7.11.1 ?
PF3D7_1428500 protein kinase, putative
2.7.11.1
PF3D7_1450000 serine/threonine protein kinase, putative
2.7.11.17 not likely
PF3D7_0926300 protein kinase, putative
2.7.11.17 not likely
FIKK family - apicomplexan protein kinases
PF3D7_0424700
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK4.2
2.7.11.1 Regulation of knob structures on infected erythrocytes that mediate cytoadhesion
PF3D7_1039000
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK10.2 Mitochondrion
2.7.11.1
PF3D7_1016400
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK10.1
2.7.11.1 Associates with Maurer’s cleft and J-dots (trafficking structures in infected erythrocytes)
PF3D7_0301200
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK3
2.7.11.1
PF3D7_1149300
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK11
2.7.11.1
PF3D7_0102600
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK1
2.7.11.1 Direct or indirect phosphorylation of FIKK10.2 and host erythrocyte Adducin
PF3D7_1476400 serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family, pseudogene FIKK14 Apicoplast
2.7.11.1
PF3D7_0902500
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK9.6
2.7.11.1 Associates with Maurer’s clefts (trafficking structures in infected erythrocytes)
PF3D7_0424500
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK4.1 Maurer's clefts
2.7.11.1 Regulates rigidification of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton and trafficking of the PfEMP1 adhesin to the host cell surface; localises mainly to the cytoskeleton.
Phosphorylates human dematin (a cytoskeleton protein) in vitro
Associates with Maurer’s clefts (trafficking structures in infected erythrocytes)
PF3D7_1200800
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK12 Maurer's clefts
2.7.11.1 Regulation of the rigidity of infected erythrocytes
PF3D7_0902300
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK9.4
2.7.11.1
PF3D7_0902600 serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK9.7 Apicoplast
2.7.11.1
PF3D7_0902200
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK9.3 Apicoplast
2.7.11.1 Associates with Maurer’s clefts (trafficking structures in infected erythrocytes)
PF3D7_0726200
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK7.1
2.7.11.1 Regulation of the rigidity of infected erythrocytes
PF3D7_0731400 serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family, pseudogene FIKK7.2
2.7.11.1
PF3D7_0805700
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK8
2.7.11.1 Involved in asexual proliferation, as conditional KO results in impaired growth
PF3D7_0902000
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK9.1 Apicoplast
2.7.11.1
PF3D7_0500900
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK5
2.7.11.1
PF3D7_1122800
calcium-dependent protein kinase 6 CDPK6
2.7.11.13
PF3D7_0902400
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK9.5 Apicoplast
2.7.11.1
PF3D7_0902100
serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family FIKK9.2 Maurer's clefts 2.7.11.1
PF3D7_1371700 serine/threonine protein kinase, FIKK family fikk13
Atypical protein kinases
PF3D7_0810200 ABC1 family, putative, ABCK1 ABCK1 Mitochondrion
PF3D7_1414500
atypical protein kinase, ABC-1 family, putative ABCk2
1.14.13.-
PF3D7_1230900
serine/threonine protein kinase RIO1, putative RIO1
2.7.11.1
PF3D7_0420100
serine/threonine protein kinase RIO2 RIO2
2.7.11.1
PF3D7_0724600 protein kinase, putative
2.7.11.1
Protein kinase regulators
PF3D7_1103700
casein kinase II beta chain CK2beta1
2.7.11.1
PF3D7_1342400
casein kinase II beta chain CK2beta2
2.7.11.1
PF3D7_1463700
cyclin 1 CYC1
PF3D7_1304700 cyclin CYC4
PF3D7_0518400 cyclin CYC3
PF3D7_1223100
cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit PKAr
2.7.11.11
PF3D7_1227500 protein soc2, putative SOC2
PF3D7_0803300 mitogen-activated protein kinase organizer 1, putative MORG1
PF3D7_0817500
histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 HINT1
PF3D7_0511700
EKC/KEOPS complex subunit CGI121 CGI121
Online articles related to Protein kinase coding genes retrieved from PubMed