Mining Sudanese medicinal plants for antiprotozoal agents
Mahmoud AB, Mäser P, Kaiser M, Hamburger M, Khalid S. Mining Sudanese Medicinal Plants for Antiprotozoal Agents. Front Pharmacol. 2020 11:865. PMID: 32581814
Plant species Family Part Fraction % inhib. 10 ug/ml % inhib.  2 ug/ml
Abutilon pannosum var. figarianum (Webb) Verdc. (syn. Abutilon figarianum Webb.) Malvaceae Leaves Crude 48.3 9.5
Petroleum ether 88.1 9.5
Chloroform 77.2 13.6
Ethyl acetate 89.2 48.7
Water residue 19.3 7.6
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (syn. Ambrosia maritima L.) Asteraceae Leaves Crude 21.4 5.9
Petroleum ether 84.5 5.4
Chloroform 54.0 5.7
Ethyl acetate 36.5 11.6
Water residue 15.8 3.2
Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke Rhamnaceae Leaves Ethyl acetate 99.7 13.4
Butanol 48.0 3.3
Anethum graveolens L. Apiaceae Leaves Crude 0.0 0.0
Hexane 2.1 0.0
Chloroform 3.1 0.0
Ethyl acetate 10.5 13.8
Annona  muricata L. Annonaceae Leaves Crude 94.9 62.9
Petroleum ether 102.4 31.4
Chloroform 98.1 69.1
Ethyl acetate 89.3 44.6
Water residue 43.3 5.0
Argemone  mexicana L. Papaveraceae Leaves Crude 97.6 7.1
Petroleum ether 98.3 6.8
Chloroform 98.2 82.6
Ethyl acetate 98.4 7.9
Water residue 62.2 4.4
Bark Crude 89.7 15.1
Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. Aristolochiaceae Root Ethyl acetate 76.0 20.4
Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Meliaceae Leaves Oil 71.2 6.1
Bathysa australis (A.St.-Hil.) K.Schum. Rubiaceae  Leaves Hexane 82.6 10.6
Methylene chloride 101.1 17.0
Ethyl acetate 64.5 4.6
Butanol 34.0 5.0
Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. Lecythidaceae Fruit (endocarp) Hexane 98.6 14.4
Bark (trunk)  Crude 97.8 100.3
Seeds (tugument) Crude 46.3 5.3
Boswellia papyrifera (Caill. ex Delile) Hochst Burseraceae Gum resin Crude 91.8 15.4
Petroleum ether 100.0 41.5
Chloroform 94.1 9.5
Ethyl acetate 0.2 3.9
Water residue  83.6 0.0
Oil 2.4 12.2
Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Sapindaceaee Leaves Crude 32.8 5.0
Petroleum ether 35.0 5.7
Chloroform 51.7 7.4
Ethyl acetate 83.2 13.8
Water residue 10.7 0.1
Combretum glutinosum Perr. ex DC. Combretaceae Seeds Chloroform 18.3 9.0
Ethyl acetate 103.5 103.5
Wood Chloroform 104.1 85.3
Ethyl acetate 102.4 99.6
Bark Ethyl acetate 102.9 99.4
Combretum hartmannianum Schweinf. Combretaceae Seeds Chloroform 102.3 68.1
Ethyl acetate 102.9 97.4
Wood Chloroform 102.4 32.6
Ethyl acetate 102.5 61.2
Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps (syn. Quisqualis indica L.) Combretaceae Leaves Chloroform 72.3 15.5
Ethyl acetate 92.7 27.0
Flowers Chloroform 10.3 0.7
Ethyl acetate 98.5 91.3
Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl.  Burseraceae Gum resin Methanol 98.3 94.8
Oil 97.6 97.2
Croton gratissimus var. gratissimus (syn. Croton zambesicus Müll.Arg.)  Euphorbiaceae Fruits Crude 88.8 9.3
Petroleum ether 103.0 103.9
Chloroform 97.8 24.9
Ethyl acetate 76.8 32.5
Water residue 18.1 0.2
Leaves Petroleum ether 57.4 0.0
Chloroform 43.7 13.0
Ethyl acetate 57.9 4.9
Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae Rhizome Crude 1.6 0.0
Petroleum ether 1.7 3.3
Chloroform 92.7 7.7
Ethyl acetate 1.2 1.9
Water residue  6.4 7.5
Cuscuta hyalina Roth ex Schult. Convolvulaceae Stem Crude 58.8 7.7
Petroleum ether 85.5 6.3
Chloroform 103.7 4.8
Ethyl acetate 100.6 7.2
Water residue 29.9 3.5
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Poaceae Leaves Crude 12.6 5.4
Chloroform 96.2 19.9
Ethyl acetate 85.0 25.7
Water residue  0.0 2.0
Oil 0.6 5.4
Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae Rhizome Crude 44.9 4.5
Petroleum ether 103.5 50.7
Chloroform 100.7 40.5
Ethyl acetate 34.1 3.3
Water residue 17.8 5.4
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Myrtaceae Leaves Oil 5.3 3.5
Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori  Malvaceae Bark Methanol 44.7 14.7
Leaves Petroleum ether 94.0 11.1
Chloroform 81.5 9.3
Ethyl acetate 67.2 33.8
Root Methanol 17.3 6.5
Stem Methanol 27.9 12.3
Guiera sengalensis J.F.Gmel. Combretaceae Leaves Crude 84.0 5.1
Petroleum ether 100.1 39.1
Chloroform 103.0 84.9
Ethyl acetate 100.9 67.9
Water residue 80.2 3.4
Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk.) A.Juss. Rutaceae Root Crude 35.9 7.2
Petroleum ether 99.2 36.8
Chloroform 102.1 25.3
Ethyl acetate 39.2 2.7
Water residue 20.6 4.4
Hyptis monticola Mart. ex Benth. Lamiaceae Leaves Crude 22.3 2.7
Flowers Crude 100.3 20.7
Jatropha curcas L. Euphorbiaceae Leaves Crude 0.0 0.0
Petroleum ether 21.7 0.0
Chloroform 22.7 11.0
Ethyl acetate 4.3 3.0
Water residue  1.6 0.0
Lantana fucata Lindl.  Verbenaceae Aerial parts Crude 101.9 70.1
Lantana trifolia L.  Verbenaceae Branches Butanol 23.0 0.0
Lippia lacunosa Mart. & Schauer  Verbenaceae Leaves Crude 46.5 5.5
Ethyl acetate 30.7 5.6
Butanol 31.1 2.6
Lippia origanoides Kunth  Verbenaceae Leaves  Crude 103.2 26.2
Lupinus albus subsp. graecus (Boiss. & Spruner) Franco & P.Silva (syn. Lupinus termis Forssk.)  Leguminosae Seeds Crude 28.5 3.5
Petroleum ether 24.7 5.0
Chloroform 24.9 0.0
Ethyl acetate 41.2 20.4
Water residue 32.4 39.6
Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Peels Crude 5.3 0.8
Petroleum ether 0.0 0.0
Chloroform 3.4 0.0
Ethyl acetate 67.1 1.5
Water residue  0.0 0.0
Matricaria chamomilla L. Compositae Flower Crude 29.1 6.1
Petroleum ether 91.1 5.0
Chloroform 94.6 28.5
Ethyl acetate 53.4 9.0
Water residue 11.8 4.7
Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Leaves Crude 48.6 7.3
Hexane 1.5 7.6
Chloroform 7.2 11.1
Ethyl acetate 2.2 9.7
Water residue  1.4 3.2
Nauclea latifolia Sm. Rubiaceae Unprocessed  Fruit Crude 17.5 5.1
Petroleum ether 30.5 5.6
Chloroform 83.5 30.9
Ethyl acetate 43.4 6.9
Water residue 33.4 39.7
Root Bark Crude 38.9 5.0
Petroleum ether 66.0 8.3
Chloroform 93.6 19.3
Ethyl acetate 61.9 18.5
Water residue 21.2 3.4
Processed  Fruit Crude 35.3 12.7
Petroleum ether 23.6 1.5
Chloroform 35.1 7.2
Ethyl acetate 21.9 8.0
Water residue 18.2 9.8
Nigella sativa L. Ranunculaceae Seeds Oil 9.9 20.7
Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urb. Convolvulaceae Roots Crude 102.8 43.6
Opopanax hispidus (Friv.) Griseb.  Apiaceae Fruits Oil 0.0 0.0
Piper cubeba L.f. Piperaceae Fruits Crude 53.7 9.9
Petroleum ether 45.0 10.9
Chloroform 101.2 21.3
Ethyl acetate 103.2 81.1
Water residue 31.5 7.6
Portulaca oleracea L. Portulacaceae Aerial part Crude 29.1 12.8
Petroleum ether 58.9 11.1
Chloroform 73.7 7.7
Ethyl acetate 28.1 3.3
Water residue 24.2 7.5
Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz Fabaceae Leaves Crude 99.6 103.5
Hexane 95.8 98.0
Chloroform 103.4 98.2
Ethyl acetate 32.0 6.3
Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Fabaceae Leaves Crude 101.1 105.0
Rollinia sylvatica (A. St.-Hil.) Martius Annonaceae Leaves Crude 90.5 47.5
Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch.  Compositae Leaves Methanol 45.3 5.0
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link (syn. Cassia occidentalis L.)   Leguminosae Aerial  part Crude 27.4 5.1
Petroleum ether 91.6 3.0
Chloroform 53.7 6.1
Ethyl acetate 25.5 5.1
Water residue 16.0 2.0
Solanum aethiopicum L. Solanaceae Fruits Butanol 26.8 4.2
Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth. Orobanchaceae Stem Crude 36.5 9.2
Petroleum ether 99.5 36.2
Chloroform 51.8 9.2
Ethyl acetate 36.9 5.2
Water residue 20.1 2.4
Struthanthus concinnus Mart. Loranthaceae Branches Ethyl acetate 102.0 18.8
Butanol 23.7 8.3
Struthanthus marginatus (Desr.) G.Don Loranthaceae Branches Ethyl acetate 31.8 2.3
Tephrosia apollinea (Delile) DC.   Leguminosae Leaves Crude 46.7 10.7
Petroleum ether 91.2 14.9
Chloroform 100.0 30.1
Ethyl acetate 87.9 10.4
Water residue 66.1 38.7
Terminalia brownii Fresen Combretaceae Seeds Ethyl acetate 97.5 92.9
Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae Leaves Chloroform 78.1 17.4
Ethyl acetate 101.6 58.2
Terminalia laxiflora Engl. Combretaceae Seeds Chloroform 44.7 12.7
Ethyl acetate 99.8 93.4
Bark Chloroform 100.3 19.3
Ethyl acetate 99.8 68.6
Terminalia leiocarpa (DC.) Baill. (syn. Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr.) Combretaceae Bark Ethyl acetate 101.8 45.8
Leaves Chloroform 102.1 27.9
Ethyl acetate 102.9 103.4
Root Ethyl acetate 103.2 67.3
Seeds Chloroform 99.5 34.8
Ethyl acetate 102.5 106.4
Wood Ethyl acetate 102.3 98.2
Tinospora bakis (A.Rich.) Miers Menispermaceae Root Chloroform 17.3 4.6
Methanol: Acetone (7:3) 89.1 13.4
Typha angustifolia L. Typhaceae Stem Crude 64.2 6.7
Petroleum ether 23.4 5.0
Chloroform 93.3 24.8
Ethyl acetate 61.2 17.2
Water residue 46.8 6.5
Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb. (syn. Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile) Fabaceae Flowers Crude 99.6 76.1
Petroleum ether 95.3 10.6
Chloroform 97.7 42.6
Ethyl acetate 44.4 32.7
Water residue 72.4 67.0
Leaves Crude 99.0 68.2
Petroleum ether 81.5 7.6
Chloroform 103.8 97.3
Ethyl acetate 103.2 65.1
Water residue 24.8 5.4
Vitex cooperi Standl. Lamiaceae Barks Methanol 29.5 6.2
Vitex polygama Cham. Lamiaceae Leaves Water residue 37.2 8.9
Xanthium strumarium subsp. brasilicum (Vell.) O.Bolòs & Vigo (syn. Xanthium brasilicum Vell.) Compositae Leaves Crude 41.3 9.3
Petroleum ether 100.3 41.1
Chloroform 85.8 10.2
Ethyl acetate 62.5 8.8
Water residue 30.3 0.0
Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. Rhamnaceae Leaves Chloroform 100.9 12.4
Ethyl acetate 101.5 102.6
Root Chloroform 103.1 106.2
Online articles related to Mining Sudanese medicinal plants for antiprotozoal agents retrieved from PubMed

Related Maps