Antiplasmodial Natural Products – A 2019 Update |
Tajuddeen N, Van Heerden FR. Antiplasmodial natural products: an update. Malar J. 2019 18(1):404. Review. PubMed PMID:31805944 |
Organism |
Compound |
Compound Class |
IC50 |
Biological source |
Aloe pulcherrima |
Chrysophanol |
Anthraquinone |
82.79 µM (D6) 141.95 µM(W2) |
Plant |
Aloe pulcherrima |
aloesaponarin I |
Anthraquinone |
21.82 µM (D6) 64.05 µM (W2) |
Plant |
Aloe pulcherrima |
aloesaponarin II |
Anthraquinone |
19.67 µM (D6) 73.16 µM (W2) |
Plant |
Amaryllis belladonna (bulbs) |
1,4-dihydroxy-3-methoxy powellan (New) |
Crinane Alkaloid |
37 µM (Dd2) |
Plant |
Amaryllis belladonna (bulbs) |
Distichamine |
Crinane alkaloid |
>50 µM (Dd2) |
Plant |
Amaryllis belladonna (bulbs) |
11-O-acetylambelline |
Crinane alkaloid |
35 µM (Dd2) |
Plant |
Amaryllis belladonna (bulbs) |
Ambelline |
Crinane alkaloid |
7.3 µM (Dd2) |
Plant |
Amaryllis belladonna (bulbs) |
Acetylcaranine |
Lycorane alkaloid |
3.5 µM (Dd2) |
Plant |
Anacyclus pyrethrum root |
9,10-dehydropellitorine (New) |
Alkamide |
32.23 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Anacyclus pyrethrum root |
deca-2E,4E-dienoic acid 2-phenylethylamide |
Alkamide |
18.44 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Anacyclus pyrethrum root |
undeca-2E,4E-dien-8,10-diynoic acid isopentylamide |
Alkamide |
42.36 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Anacyclus pyrethrum root |
tetradeca-2E,4E,12Z-trien-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide |
Alkamide |
26.71 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Anacyclus pyrethrum root |
dodeca-2E,4E-dien acid-4-hydroxy-2 phenylethylamide |
Alkamide |
10.09 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Anacyclus pyrethrum root |
Mixture (1:4) of undeca-2E,4E-dien-8,10-diynoic acid 2-phenylethylamide and deca-2E,4E-dienoic acid 4-hydroxy-2-phenylethylamide |
Alkamide |
7.64 µg/ml (NF54) |
Plant |
Ancistrocladus ealaensis (leaf) |
Ealapasamine A (New) |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
418 nM (NF54) 452 nM (K1) |
Plant |
Ancistrocladus ealaensis (leaf) |
Ealapasamine B (New) |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
210 nM(NF54) 138 nM (K1) |
Plant |
Ancistrocladus ealaensis (leaf) |
Ealapasamine C (New) |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
34 nM (NF54) 6.3 nM (K1) |
Plant |
Ancistrocladus ileboensis (root) |
Jozilebomine A (New) |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
0.043 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Ancistrocladus ileboensis (root) |
Jozilebomine B (New) |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
0.102 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Ancistrocladus ileboensis (root) |
Dioncophylline C2 (New) |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
0.702 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Ancistrocladus ileboensis (root) |
Dioncophylline D2 (New) |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
0.107 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Ancistrocladus ileboensis (root) |
Dioncophylline F (New) |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
0.09 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Ancistrocladus ileboensis (root) |
Ancistrocladisine A |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
0.726 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Ancistrocladus ileboensis (root) |
5'-O-methyldioncophylline D |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
0.228 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Ancistrocladus ileboensis (root) |
Ancistrobrevine C |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
6.51 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Ancistrocladus tectorius (stem and twigs) |
Ancistrobenomine B (5) (New) |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
11.84 µM (NF54) 4.755 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Ancistrocladus tectorius (stem and twigs) |
Ancistrobenomine C (6) (New) |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
6.226 µM (NF54) 5.081 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Ancistrocladus tectorius (stem and twigs) |
Ancistrocline |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
8.546 µM (NF54) 2.872 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Angophora woodsiana (flower) |
Woodsianone A (New) |
β – triketone |
26.9 µM (3D7) |
Plant |
Angophora woodsiana (flower) |
Woodsianone B (New) |
β – triketone |
3.0 µM (3D7) 2.53 µM (Dd2) |
Plant |
Angophora woodsiana (flower) |
Rhodomyrtosone A |
β – triketone |
10.5 µM (3D7) |
Plant |
Angophora woodsiana (flower) |
Rhodomyrtosone D |
β – triketone |
14.0 µM (3D7) |
Plant |
Angophora woodsiana (flower) |
Rhodomyrtone |
β – triketone |
1.8 µM (3D7) 4.0 µM (Dd2) |
Plant |
Angophora woodsiana (flower) |
Tomentodione A |
β – triketone |
8.9 µM (3D7) |
Plant |
Angophora woodsiana (flower) |
Tomentodione B |
β – triketone |
11.3 µM (3D7) |
Plant |
Angophora woodsiana (flower) |
4S-Ficifolidione |
β – triketone |
6.7 µM (3D7) |
Plant |
Angophora woodsiana (flower) |
Kunzeanone A |
β – triketone |
10.7 µM (3D7) |
Plant |
Angophora woodsiana (flower) |
Watsonianone A |
β – triketone |
5.3 µM (3D7) 8.8 µM (Dd2) |
Plant |
Angophora woodsiana (flower) |
Watsonianone B |
β – triketone |
0.29 µM (3D7) 0.44 µM (Dd2) |
Plant |
Angophora woodsiana (flower) |
Tomentosone A |
β – triketone |
1.0 µM (3D7) 1.49 µM (Dd2) |
Plant |
Holarrhena pubescens (root) |
Irehline |
steroidal alkaloid |
1.2 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Holarrhena pubescens (root) |
Mokluangin A |
steroidal alkaloid |
2.0 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Holarrhena pubescens (root) |
Conessine (5) |
steroidal alkaloid |
5.9 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Holarrhena pubescens (root) |
Conimin (6) |
steroidal alkaloid |
8.0 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Holarrhena pubescens (root) |
Holaphyllaminol |
steroidal alkaloid |
11.7 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Holarrhena pubescens (root) |
Holaphylline (8) |
steroidal alkaloid |
4.1 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Holarrhena pubescens (root) |
Methylholaphyllamine (10) |
steroidal alkaloid |
10.6 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Aristolochia cordigera (root) |
5-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester |
Indole alkaloid |
>50 µM (3D7) |
Plant |
Aristolochia cordigera (root) |
Hyrtiosin B |
Indole alkaloid |
10 µM (3D7) |
Plant |
Aristolochia cordigera (root) |
Hyrtiosulawesine (19) |
Indole alkaloid |
2.0 µM (3D7) |
Plant |
Aristolochia cordigera (root) |
3,4-dihydro-hyrtiosulawes ine (New) |
Indole alkaloid |
8.1 µM (3D7) |
Plant |
Aristolochia cordigera (root) |
6-O-(β -glucopyranosyl) hyrtiosulawesine (21) (New) |
Indole alkaloid |
4.5 µM (3D7) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
(1S,3E,7E,11R)-verticilla-3,7,12 (18)-triene |
Diterpene |
9.2 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
Cembrene A |
Diterpene |
9.9 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
Serratol |
Diterpene |
83 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
1S,3E,7R,8R,11E-7,8-epoxy-cembra-3,11-dien-1-ol |
Diterpene |
32 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
isoincensole oxide |
Diterpene |
9.6 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
Isodecaryiol |
Diterpene |
7.5 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
oleanolic acid |
Triterpene |
8.3 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
11-keto-β-boswellic acid (10) |
Triterpene |
6.6 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
3-epi-neoilexonol (11) (New) |
Triterpene |
7.9 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
β-boswellic aldehyde (13) |
Triterpene |
15 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
Isoflindissone lactone (15) |
Triterpene |
2.2 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
Isoflindissol lactone (16) (New) |
Triterpene |
4.2 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
(8R,9S,20R)-tirucall-24-ene-3β,20-diol (New) |
Triterpene |
18 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
β-bourbonene |
Sesquiterpene |
108 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
Methyleugenol |
phenyl propanoid |
32 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Boswellia serrate (oleo resin) |
P-methoxycinnamaldehyde |
phenyl propanoid |
30 µM (NF54) |
Plant |
Bowdichia virgilioides (seed) |
Sucupiranin A (New) |
cassane diterpenoid |
>30 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Bowdichia virgilioides (seed) |
Sucupiranin G (New) |
cassane diterpenoid |
>27 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Bowdichia virgilioides (seed) |
Sucupiranin H (8) (New) |
cassane diterpenoid |
>28.8 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Bowdichia virgilioides (seed) |
Sucupiranin J (10) (New) |
cassane diterpenoid |
32.2 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Bowdichia virgilioides (seed) |
Sucupiranin K (New) |
cassane diterpenoid |
23.5 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Bowdichia virgilioides (seed) |
Sucupiranin L (New) |
cassane diterpenoid |
>27.9 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Brucea javanica (stem) |
brujavanol C (1) (New) |
Quassinoid |
25.35 µM (K1) |
Plant |
Brucea javanica (stem) |
brujavanol D (2) (New) |
Quassinoid |
30.49 µM (K1) |
|
Brucea javanica (stem) |
brujavanol A (3) |
Quassinoid |
11.72 µM (K1) |
|
Brucea javanica (stem) |
Bruceine E (4) |
Quassinoid |
4.37 µM (K1) |
|
Brucea javanica (stem) |
5α,14β,15β –trihydroxy klaineanone |
Quassinoid |
5.39 µM (K1) |
|
Brucea javanica (stem) |
bruceine D (6) |
Quassinoid |
1.41 µM (K1) |
|
Brucea javanica (stem) |
Bruceine H (7) |
Quassinoid |
1.06 µM (K1) |
|
Brucea javanica (stem) |
bruceine F (8) |
Quassinoid |
3.85 µM (K1) |
|
Caesalpinia bonducella (root) |
Norcaesalpin D |
Norcassane diterpene |
2.83 µM (3D7) 5.35 µM (Dd2) |
|
Caesalpinia sappan (seed) |
Caesalsappanin R (New) |
Cassane diterpene |
3.6 µM (K1) |
|
Caesalpinia sappan (seed) |
Caesalsappanin S (New) |
Cassane diterpene |
25.1 µM (K1) |
|
Cipadessa baccifera (twigs and leaf) |
Cipaferoids B (2) (New) |
Limonoid |
9.3 µM (Dd2) |
|
Cipadessa baccifera (twigs and leaf) |
Cipaferoids C (3) (New) |
Limonoid |
14.7 µM (Dd2) |
|
Colubrina asiatica (branch) |
Zizyberenalic acid |
triterpene |
9.23 µM |
|
Colubrina asiatica (branch) |
ergosterol peroxide |
sterol |
7.15 µM |
|
Crinum firmifolium (leaf) |
2-Heptylquinolin-4(1H)-one |
Quinolone |
1315 nM (Dd2) 1356 nM (3D7) |
|
Crinum firmifolium (leaf) |
2-(6-Methylheptyl)quinolin-4(1H)-one (New) |
Quinolone |
538 nM (Dd2) 501 nM (3D7) |
|
Ziziphus nummularia |
Nummularine-U (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
23.0 µM (K1) |
|
Z. nummularia |
Mauritine-F (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
34.2 µM (K1) |
|
Z. spina-christi |
Spinanine-B (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
2.1 µM (K1) |
|
Z. spina-christi |
Nummularine-E (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
>64 µM (K1) |
|
Z. spina-christi |
Amphibine-D (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
8.9 µM (K1) |
|
Z. jujuba |
Jubanine-F (6) (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
12.8 µM (K1) |
|
Z. jujuba |
Jubanine-G (7) (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
4.7 µM (K1) |
|
Z. jujuba |
Nummularine-B (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
3.6 µM (K1) |
|
Z. jujuba |
Adouetine-X (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
7.5 µM (K1) |
|
Hovenia dulcis |
Frangulanine (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
14.9 µM (K1) |
|
Hymenocardia acida |
Hymenocardine (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
16.4 µM (K1) |
|
H. acida |
Hymenocardinol (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
17.5 µM (K1) |
|
H. acida |
Hymenocardine N-oxide (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
12.2 µM (K1) |
|
H. acida |
Hymenocardine-H (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
27.9 µM (K1) |
|
Ziziphus oxyphylla |
Nummularine-R (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
3.2 µM (K1) |
|
Z. oxyphylla |
O-desmethylnummularine-R (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
7.1 µM (K1) |
|
Z. oxyphylla |
Hemsine-A (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
13.6 µM (K1) |
|
Z. oxyphylla |
Ramosine-A (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
>32.0 µM (K1) |
|
Z. oxyphylla |
Oxyphylline-F (New) |
Cyclopeptide alkaloid |
7.4 µM (K1) |
|
Dodonaea angustifolia (leaf) |
Pinocembrin |
flavonoid |
81% P.berghei suppression at 40mg/kg |
|
Dodonaea angustifolia (leaf) |
Santin |
flavonoid |
80% P.berghei suppression at 50mg/kg |
|
Dodonaea angustifolia (leaf) |
2-hydroxy-15,16-epoxyceloda-3,13(16),14-trien-18-oic acid |
clerodane diterpene |
70% P.berghei suppression at 40mg/kg |
|
Echinops hoehnelii (root) |
5-(penta-1, 3-diynyl)-2-(3,4-dihydroxybut-1-ynyl)-thiophene |
Acetylene thiophene |
50.2% P.berghei suppression at 100mg/kg |
|
Echinops hoehnelii (root) |
5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3-chloro-4-acetoxy-but-1-yn)thiophene |
Acetylene thiophene |
32.7% P.berghei suppression at 100mg/kg |
|
Embelia schimperi (fruit) |
Embelin |
Benzoquinone |
47.8% P.berghei suppression at 100mg/kg |
|
Entandrophragma congoënse (root) |
seco-tiaminic acid B (New) |
seco-tirucallane triterpene |
5.09 µMl (NF54) |
|
Entandrophragma congoënse (root) |
seco-tiaminic acid C (New) |
seco-tirucallane triterpene |
2.9 µg/ml (NF54) 6.22 µM |
|
Eremophila microtheca (aerial part) |
3,7,8-trihydroxyserrulat-14-en-19-oic acid |
Serrulatane diterpenoid |
NA at 10 µM (synthetic amide derivative 1.4 µM) |
|
Eremophila microtheca (aerial part) |
3-acetoxy-7,8-dihydroxy serrulat-14-en-19-oic acidserrulat-14-en-19-oic acid |
Serrulatane diterpenoid |
NA at 10 µM (synthetic amide derivative 1.4 µM) |
|
Eremophila microtheca (aerial part) |
3,19-diacetoxy-8-hydroxyserrulat-14-ene |
Serrulatane diterpenoid |
6.89 µM (3D7) 8.76 µM (Dd2) |
|
Flacourtia indica (aerial part) |
2-(6-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-7-(1α, 2α, 6α-trihydroxy-3-oxocyclohex-4-enoyl)-5-hydroxybenzyl alcohol |
Phenolic glycoside |
3.2 µM (K1) 70.82% P.berghei suppression at 75mg/kg; Inhibit hemozoin formation, induce oxidative stress |
|
Flindersia pimenteliana (leaf) |
Pimentelamine C (New) |
indole alkaloid |
3.6 µM (3D7) 2.7 µM (Dd2) |
|
Flindersia pimenteliana (leaf) |
4-methylborreverine |
indole alkaloid |
0.51 µM (3D7) 0.34 µM (Dd2) |
|
Flindersia pimenteliana (leaf) |
Borreverine |
indole alkaloid |
0.31 µM (3D7) 0.22 µM (Dd2) |
|
Flindersia pimenteliana (leaf) |
Dimethylisoborreverine |
indole alkaloid |
0.67 µM (3D7) 0.19 µM (Dd2) |
|
Flindersia pimenteliana (leaf) |
Carpachromene |
Flavonoid |
3.4 µM (3D7) 2.3 µM (Dd2) |
|
Flueggea virosa (leaf) |
Bergenin |
Phenolic |
8.07 µM (3D7) >20 µM (K1) 85% P.berghei suppression at 100mg/kg Inhibit heme polymerization |
|
Geissospermum leave (bark) |
Geissolaevine (New) |
Indole alkaloid |
74.2 µM FcB1 |
|
Geissospermum leave (bark) |
O-methylgeissolaevine (New) |
Indole alkaloid |
56.0 µM FcB1 |
|
Geissospermum leave (bark) |
3’,4’,5’,6’-tetradehydrogeissospermine (New) |
Indole alkaloid |
2.9 µM FcB1 |
|
Geissospermum leave (bark) |
Leuconolam |
Indole alkaloid |
>100 µM FcB1 |
|
Geissospermum leave (bark) |
Geissolosimine |
Indole alkaloid |
1.9 µM FcB1 |
|
Heinsia crinite (stem bark) |
Lamiridoside tri-acetate (New) |
Iridoid |
30.01 µM (3D7) |
|
Heinsia crinite (stem bark) |
Lamiridosin tri-acetate (New) |
Iridoid |
115.40 µM (3D7) |
|
Kickxia ramosissima (whole plant) |
Pectolinarigenin |
Flavonoid |
41.8 µM (K1) |
|
Koeberlinia spinosa (whole plant) |
(3E,7E)-9-Hydroxy-1-[(S)-6-hydroxy-2,8-dimethylchroman-2-yl]-4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dien-2-one (New) |
Chromane |
>112 µM (Dd2) |
|
Koeberlinia spinosa (whole plant |
(3E,7E)-9-Hydroxy-1-[(S)-6-hydroxy-2,8-dimethylchroman-2-yl]-4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dien-2-one (New) |
Chromane |
24 µM (Dd2) |
|
Koeberlinia spinosa (whole plant |
(3E,7E)-9-Hydroxy-1-[(S)-6-hydroxy-2,8-dimethylchroman-2-yl]-4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dien-2-one (New) |
Chromane |
>112 µM (Dd2) |
|
Koeberlinia spinosa (whole plant |
(3E,7E)-9-Hydroxy-1-[(S)-6-hydroxy-2,8-dimethylchroman-2-yl]-4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dien-2-one (New) |
Chromane |
>112 µM (Dd2) |
|
Koeberlinia spinosa (whole plant |
(3E,7E)-9-Hydroxy-1-[(S)-6-hydroxy-2,8-dimethylchroman-2-yl]-4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dien-2-one (New) |
Chromane |
24 µM (Dd2) |
|
Koeberlinia spinosa (whole plant |
1-[(S or R)-2,6-Dimethyl-2,3,4,7-tetrahydrooxepin-2-yl]-3-[(S)-6-hydroxy-2,8-dimethylchroman-2-yl]propan-2-one (6) (New) |
Chromane |
109 µM (Dd2) |
|
Koeberlinia spinosa (whole plant |
1-[(R or S)-2,6-Dimethyl-2,3,4,7-tetrahydrooxepin-2-yl]-3-[(S)-6-hydroxy-2,8-dimethylchroman-2-yl]propan-2-one (7) (New) |
Chromane |
23 µM (Dd2) |
|
Koeberlinia spinosa (whole plant |
(3E,7E)-9-Hydroxy-1-[(R)-6-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-2H-chromen-2-yl]-4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dien-2-one (8) (New) |
Chromene |
>112 µM (Dd2) |
|
Koeberlinia spinosa (whole plant |
(R)-2-[(3E,7E)-9-Hydroxy-4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dien-1-yl]-2,8-dimethyl-2H-chromen-6-ol (9) (New) |
Chromene |
>117 µM (Dd2) |
|
Lawsonia inermis (leaf) |
Fraxetin |
Coumarin |
19.21 µM (NF54) 78.77% P.berghei suppression at 25mg/kg |
|
Limonium leptophyllum (aerial part) |
(2R,3S)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-2-methylbutyl gallate (New) |
Phenolic |
1.097 µM (D6) 0.583 µM (W2) |
|
Limonium leptophyllum (aerial part) |
7-O-galloyl-D-sedoheptulose |
Phenolic glycoside |
3.947 µM (D6) 3.657 µM (W2) |
|
Magnolia champaca (flower) |
Parthenolide |
Sesquiterpee lactone |
85.18% P.berghei suppression at 20mg/kg Strong intereaction with SERCA and DHFR in silico |
|
Magnolia champaca (flower) |
Costunolide diepoxide |
Sesquiterpene lactone |
83.65% P.berghei suppression at 20mg/kg Strong intereaction with SERCA and DHFR in silico |
|
Magnolia grandiflora (fruit and twig) |
4,4´-diallyl-1,2,6,4´-tetrahydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-3´-ol (New) |
Neolignan |
37.5 µM (Dd2) |
|
Magnolia grandiflora (fruit and twig) |
3,3'-diallyl-4'-((4-hydroxyphenethyl)amino)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-ol (New) |
Neolignan |
22.7 µM (Dd2) |
|
Magnolia grandiflora (fruit and twig) |
4′-O-methyl honokiol |
Neolignan |
2.8 µM (Dd2) |
|
Magnolia grandiflora (fruit and twig) |
Magnolol |
Neolignan |
3.4 µM (Dd2) |
|
Magnolia grandiflora (fruit and twig) |
Honokiol |
Neolignan |
16.6 µM (Dd2) |
|
Magnolia grandiflora (fruit and twig) |
3-methoxymagnolol |
Neolignan |
86.1 µM (Dd2) |
|
Malleastrum sp. (wood) |
Isomagnolol |
Neolignan |
44.4 µM (Dd2) |
|
Mezoneuron benthamianum (leaf) |
malleastrumolide A (New) |
Butanolide lactone |
2.74 µM (Dd2) |
|
Mezoneuron benthamianum (leaf) |
Mezobenthamic acid A (New) |
Diterpene |
>30.10 µM(3D7) |
|
Mezoneuron benthamianum (leaf) |
Mezobenthamic acid B (New) |
Diterpene |
>28.56 µM (3D7) |
|
Mezoneuron benthamianum (leaf) |
Neocaesalpin H (New) |
Diterpene |
>28.70 µM |
|
Mezoneuron benthamianum (leaf) |
Kaempferol |
Flavonoid |
>34.94 µM (3D7) |
|
Mezoneuron benthamianum (leaf) |
Ethylgallate |
Phenolic ester |
31.29 µM(3D7) |
|
Mezoneuron benthamianum (leaf) |
Resveratrol |
Stilbenoid |
>43.81 µM(3D7) |
|
Mezoneuron benthamianum (leaf) |
Quercetin |
Flavonoid |
31.43 µM (3D7) |
|
Mezoneuron benthamianum (leaf) |
13b-OH-pheophorbide a |
Porphyrin |
8.55 µM (3D7) |
|
Mezoneuron benthamianum (leaf) |
Gallic acid |
Phenolic acid |
>58.78 µM (3D7) |
|
Green tea |
β-sitosterol-Glc |
Steroid glycoside |
>17.33 µM (3D7) |
|
Phyllanthus fraternus (whole plant) |
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) |
Catechin |
2.9 µM (3D7) |
|
Phyllanthus fraternus (whole plant) |
(+)-allonorsecurinine (New) |
Securinega alkaloid |
42.53 µM (3D7) 2.57 µM (W2) |
|
Phyllanthus fraternus (whole plant) |
ent-norsecurinine |
Securinega alkaloid |
21.24 µM (3D7) 1.14 µM (W2) |
|
Phyllanthus fraternus (whole plant) |
Nirurine |
Securinega alkaloid |
4.19 µM (3D7) 59.0 µM (W2) |
|
Phyllanthus fraternus (whole plant) |
Bubbialine |
Securinega alkaloid |
6.24 µM (3D7) 27.69 µM (W2) |
|
Phyllanthus fraternus (whole plant) |
Epibubbialine |
Securinega alkaloid |
27.23 µM (3D7) 23.67 µM (W2) |
|
Piper tuberculatum (root) |
Phyllanthin |
Lignan |
26.23 µM (3D7) 5.65 µM (W2) |
|
Pleiocarpa mutica (stem bark) |
Piplartine |
5,6-dihydropyridin-2-one alkaloid (Chalcone??) |
10.09 µM (Unb169) |
|
Pleiocarpa mutica (stem bark) |
Pleiokomenines A (1) (New) |
|
10.09 µM |
|
Pleiocarpa mutica (stem bark) |
Pleiokomenines B (2) (New) |
monoterpene indole alkaloid |
3.7 µM (FcB1) 44.5 µM (FcB1) |
|
Poupartia borbonica (leaf) |
Poupartone A (New) |
Alkyl cyclohexenone |
0.9 µM (3D7) 0.55 µM (W2) 69.5% P.berghei suppression at 15mg/kg |
|
Poupartia borbonica (leaf) |
Poupartone B (New) |
Alkyl cyclohexenone |
1.81 µM (3D7) 0.97 µM (W2) |
|
Pseudocedrela kostchyi (root) |
Poupartone C (New) |
Alkyl cyclohexenone |
1.13 µM (3D7) 1.27 µM (W2) |
|
Pseudocedrela kostchyi (root) |
kostchyienone A (New) |
Limonoid |
2.51 µM (3D7) |
|
Pseudocedrela kostchyi (root) |
kostchyienones B (New) |
Limonoid |
2.81 µM (Pf INDO) 1.65 µM (3D7) |
|
Pseudocedrela kostchyi (root) |
Andirobin |
Limonoid |
1.72 µM (Pf INDO) 1.72 µM (3D7) |
|
Pseudocedrela kostchyi (root) |
Methylangolensate |
Limonoid |
19.33 µM (Pf INDO) 12.03 µM (3D7) |
|
Pseudocedrela kostchyi (root) |
7-deacetylgedunin |
Limonoid |
11.95 µM (Pf INDO) 4.08 µM (3D7) |
|
Pseudocedrela kostchyi (root) |
7-deacetyl-7-oxogedunin |
Limonoid |
5.09 µM(Pf INDO) 6.07 µM(3D7) |
|
Pseudocedrela kostchyi (root) |
3,4-seco-lanosta-4(28),7,24-triene-3,21-dioic acid |
seco-lanostane triterpenoid |
7.47 µM (Pf INDO) 20.73 µM (3D7) |
|
Pseudocedrela kostchyi (root) |
β-sitosterol |
Sterol |
>41.26 µM (Pf INDO) 19.48 µM (3D7) |
|
Pseudocedrela kostchyi (root) |
Stigmasterol |
Sterol |
21.82 µM (Pf INDO) 24.35 µM (3D7) |
|
Pseudocedrela kostchyi (root) |
betulinic acid |
Lupane triterpene |
19.51 µM (Pf INDO) 41.71 µM (3D7) |
|
Pseudocedrela kostchyi (root) |
3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl β-sitosterol |
Sterol glucoside |
22.01 µM (Pf INDO) 33.02 µM (3D7) |
|
Pseudocedrela kostchyi (root) |
3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl stigmasterol |
Sterol glycoside |
>34.67 µM (Pf INDO) 31.40 µM (3D7) |
|
Pseudocedrela kostchyi (root) |
3,6,8-trihydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxylphenyl)-4H-chrom-4-one |
Flavonoid |
>34.79 µM (Pf INDO) 10.29 µM (3D7) |
|
Pseudocedrela kostchyi (root) |
quercetin, 3,4′,7-trimethyl ether |
Flavonoid |
9.56 µM (Pf INDO) 7.75 µM (3D7) |
|
Spilanthes paniculata (flower head) |
Spilanthol |
N-alkylamide |
104.99 µM (3D7) |
|
Stephania venosa (tuber) |
(2E,4Z)-N-isobutyl-2,4-undecadiene-8,10-diynamide |
N-alkylamide |
63.86 µM (3D7) |
|
Stephania venosa (tuber) |
Stephanine |
Quinoline alkaloid |
1.32 µM (3D7) |
|
Stephania venosa (tuber) |
Crebanine |
Quinoline alkaloid |
1.56 µM (3D7) 2.16 µM (W2) |
|
Tephrosia aequilata (root) |
O-methylbulbocapnine |
Quinoline alkaloid |
2.81 µM (3D7) 5.71 µM (W2) |
|
Tephrosia aequilata (root) |
Aequichalcone A (New) |
Chalcone |
9.20 µM (3D7) |
|
Tephrosia aequilata (root) |
Aequichalcone B (New) |
Chalcone |
9.75 µM (3D7) |
|
Tephrosia aequilata (root) |
Aequichalcone C (New) |
Chalcone |
2.48 µM (3D7) |
|
Tephrosia aequilata (root) |
3,4:8,9-Dimethylenedioxypterocarpene (New) |
Pterocarpan |
>40 µM (3D7) |
|
Tephrosia aequilata (root) |
Obovatachalcone |
Chalcone |
4.23 µM (3D7) |
|
Tephrosia aequilata (root) |
Praecansone B |
Chalcone |
4.14 µM (3D7) |
|
Tephrosia purpurea subsp. Leptostachya (stem) |
Praecansone A |
Chalcone |
6.45 µM (3D7) |
|
Tephrosia purpurea subsp. Leptostachya (stem) |
Isopongaflavone |
Flavonoid |
8.19 µM (3D7) |
|
Tephrosia purpurea subsp. Leptostachya (stem) |
(E)-5-Hydroxytephrostachin (New) |
Flavonoid |
1.7 µM (D6) |
|
Tephrosia subtriflora (aerial parts) |
Terpurlepflavone (New) |
Flavonoid |
14.8 µM (D6) |
|
Tephrosia subtriflora (aerial parts) |
Tachrosin |
Flavonoid |
27.1 µM (D6) |
|
Tephrosia subtriflora (aerial parts) |
Subtriflavanonol (New) |
Flavonoid |
12.5 µM (D6) 24.2 µM (3D7) |
|
Tephrosia subtriflora (aerial parts) |
3-hydroxy-di-(2,2-dimethylchromene-5:6,7:8)flavanonol |
Flavonoid |
4.6 µM (D6) 1.7 µM (3D7) |
|
Tephrosia subtriflora (aerial parts) |
Spinosaflavanone B |
Flavonoid |
5.9 µM (D6) 5.5 µM (3D7) |
|
Trichospira verticillata (whole plant) |
Mundulinol |
Flavonoid |
35.6 µM (D6) |
|
Trichospira verticillata (whole plant) |
|
|
27.8 µM (3D7) |
|
Trichospira verticillata (whole plant) |
Trichospirolide A (New) |
Sesquiterpene lactone |
1.49 µM (Dd2) |
|
Tripterygium wilfordii (stem and root) |
Trichospirolide B (New) |
Sesquiterpene lactone |
37.05 µM (Dd2) |
|
Tripterygium wilfordii (stem and root) |
Trichospirolide C (New) |
Sesquiterpene lactone |
12.10 µM (Dd2) |
|
Tripterygium wilfordii (stem and root) |
Trichospirolide D (New) |
Sesquiterpene lactone |
44.33 µM (Dd2) |
|
Tripterygium wilfordii (stem and root) |
Tripteryol A (New) |
Flavonoid |
6.99 µM (D6) 7.44 µM (W2) |
|
Tripterygium wilfordii (stem and root) |
Tripteryol B (New) |
Flavonoid |
10.57 µM (D6) 9.54 µM (W2) |
|
Uvaria cherrevensis (stem and root) |
Cherrevenaphthalene A (New) |
Phenylnaphthalene |
21.1 µM (TM4/8.2) 24.2 µM (K1CB1) |
|
Uvaria cherrevensis (stem and root) |
Cherrevenaphthalene B (New) |
Phenylnaphthalene |
18.8 µM (TM4/8.2) 23.4 µM (K1CB1) |
|
Uvaria cherrevensis (stem and root) |
Cherrevenaphthalene C (New) |
Phenylnaphthalene |
40.4 µM (TM4/8.2) |
|
Uvaria cherrevensis (stem and root) |
2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-(4 -hydroxyphenyl)naphthalene |
Phenylnaphthalene |
22.3 µM (TM4/8.2) 23.4 µM (K1CB1) |
|
Uvaria siamensis (root) |
2’,4’-dihydroxy-3’-(2-hydroxy benzyl)-6’-methoxychalcone |
Chalcone |
32.4 µM (TM4/8.2) |
|
Uvaria siamensis (root) |
8'',9''-dihydrowelwitschin H (New) |
Chalcone |
5.2 µM (K1) |
|
Uvaria siamensis (root) |
Uvarin B (New) |
Chalcone |
4.93 µM (K1) |
|
Uvaria siamensis (root) |
Uvarin C (New) |
Chalcone |
5.04 µM (K1) |
|
Uvaria siamensis (root) |
Dependensin |
Chalcone |
7.06 µM (K1) |
|
Vernonia fimbrillifera (leaf) |
Welwitschin E |
Chalcone |
6.56 µM (K1) |
|
Vernonia fimbrillifera (leaf) |
8-(4’-hydroxymethacrylate)-dehydromelitensin |
Sesquiterpene lactone |
8.50 µM(3D7) |
|
Vernonia fimbrillifera (leaf) |
Onopordopicrin |
Sesquiterpene lactone |
9.67 µM (3D7) |
|
Zanthoxylum gilletii (stem bark) |
8α-[4’-hydroxymethacryloyl oxy]-4-epi-sonchucarpolide |
Sesquiterpene lactone |
9.02 µM (3D7) |
|
Zanthoxylum gilletii (stem bark) |
Sesamine |
Lignan |
5.42 µM (W2) 9.12 µM (D6) |
|
Zanthoxylum gilletii (stem bark) |
Fagaramide |
Alkamide |
61.26 µM (W2) 31.26 µM (D6) |
|
Zanthoxylum |
8-acetonyldihydrochelerythrine |
Benzophenanthridine alkaloid |
9.92 µM (W2) 10.01 µM (D6) |
|
Syncarpum (leaf) |
Syncarpamide |
norepinephrine alkaloid |
3.9 µM (3D7) 2.56 µM (K1) 2.04 µM (D6) 3.06 µM (W2) |
|
Astraeus asiaticus |
Astraeusin M (New) |
lanostane triterpenoids |
5.99 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Astraeus asiaticus |
Astraeusin N (New) |
lanostane triterpenoids |
>22.6 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Astraeus asiaticus |
Astraeusin O (New) |
lanostane triterpenoids |
>21.17 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Astraeus asiaticus |
Astraeusin P (New) |
lanostane triterpenoids |
>21.91 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Astraeus asiaticus |
Astraeusin Q (New) |
lanostane triterpenoids |
>20.07 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Astraeus asiaticus |
26-epi-Artabotryol C1 (New) |
lanostane triterpenoids |
>21.17 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Astraeus asiaticus |
26-epi-Astrasiaone (New) |
lanostane triterpenoids |
>22.59 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Astraeus asiaticus |
epi-Inotodiol |
lanostane triterpenoids |
>22.59 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Astraeus asiaticus |
Astraodoric acid C |
lanostane triterpenoids |
>21.16 µM(K1) |
Mushroom |
Astraeus asiaticus |
Artabotryol C1 |
lanostane triterpenoids |
>21.15 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Astraeus asiaticus |
Astrasiaone |
lanostane triterpenoids |
>21.24 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Astraeus asiaticus |
Artabotryol D |
lanostane triterpenoids |
>21.79 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Bifurcaria bifurcata |
Astrasiate |
lanostane triterpenoids |
>20.46 µM(K1) |
Mushroom |
Cochliobolus lunatus (M351) |
Bifurcatriol (New) |
Diterpene |
2.00 µM(K1) |
Brown algae |
Cochliobolus lunatus (TA26-46) |
Cochliomycin A |
Resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) |
30.7 µM |
Fungi |
Coprinopsis cinerea (NBRC 100011) |
for synthetically modified derivative |
|
1.84 µM |
|
Diaporthe miriciae UFMGCB 9720 |
LL-Z1640-2 |
Resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) |
14.9 µM |
Fungi |
Diaporthe miriciae UFMGCB 9720 |
(7’E)-6’-oxozeaenol |
Resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) |
11.0 µM |
Fungi |
Diaporthe miriciae UFMGCB 9720 |
Hitoyol B (New) |
norsesquiterpenoid |
59 µM (3D7) |
Basidiomycete Fungi |
Diaporthe miriciae UFMGCB 9720 |
Epoxycytochalasin H |
Cytochalasin |
0.1 µM (D6) 0.08 µM (W2) |
Endophytic fungi |
Gloeostereum incarnatum BCC41461 |
Fusaripeptide A (New) |
Cyclodepsipeptide |
0.34 µM (D6) |
Endophytic fungi |
Gloeostereum incarnatum BCC41461 |
Incarnatin A (New) |
Sesquiterpene |
39.50 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Gloeostereum incarnatum BCC41461 |
Incarnatin B (New) |
Sesquiterpene |
14.99 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Gloeostereum incarnatum BCC41461 |
Incarnatin C (New) |
Sesquiterpene |
>35.95 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Gloeostereum incarnatum BCC41461 |
Incarnolactone A (New) |
Sesquiterpene |
>40.63 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Gloeostereum incarnatum BCC41461 |
Incarnolactone C (New) |
Sesquiterpene |
>38.15 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Gloeostereum incarnatum BCC41461 |
Incarnate methyl ester (New) |
Sesquiterpene |
>38.15 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Gloeostereum incarnatum BCC41461 |
Chondrosterin B |
Sesquiterpene |
12.59 µM (K1) |
Mushroom |
Ircinia oros |
(E)-dictyochromenol |
Benzopyran |
>32.00 µM(K1) |
Mushroom |
Ircinia oros |
Ircinin-1 |
Furanosesterterpenoid |
58 µM |
marine sponge |
Monanchora unguiculata |
Ircinin-2 |
Furanosesterterpenoid |
56 µM |
marine sponge |
Monanchora unguiculata |
Ircinialactam E (New) |
Furanosesterterpenoid |
95 µM |
marine sponge |
Monanchora unguiculata |
Ircinialactam F (New) |
Furanosesterterpenoid |
>100 µM |
marine sponge |
Monanchora unguiculata |
Unguiculin A (New) |
Guanidine alkaloid |
12.89 µM (3D7) |
marine sponge |
Monanchora unguiculata |
Ptilomycalin E (New) |
Guanidine alkaloid |
0.35 µM (3D7) |
marine sponge |
Monanchora unguiculata |
Ptilomycalins F (New) |
Guanidine alkaloid |
0.23 µM (3D7) |
marine sponge |
Nigrospora sp. BCC 47789 |
Ptilomycalins G (New) + H |
Guanidine alkaloid |
0.46 µM (3D7) |
marine sponge |
Nigrospora sp. BCC 47789 |
Crambescidin 800 |
Guanidine alkaloid |
0.52 µM (3D7) |
marine sponge |
Nigrospora sp. BCC 47789 |
Fromiamycalin |
Guanidine alkaloid |
0.24 µM (3D7) |
marine sponge |
Okeania hirsuta (PAB-19MAY11-4) |
Nigrosporone A (New) |
Anthraquinone |
>33.97 µM (K1) |
Endophytic fungus |
Okeania hirsuta (PAB-19MAY11-4) |
Nigrosporone B (New) |
Anthraquinone |
10.81 µM (K1) |
Endophytic fungus |
Nigrospora sp. BCC 47789 |
Fusaquinon A |
Anthraquinone |
>32.67 µM (K1) |
Endophytic fungus |
Pyrenochaetopsis sp. RK10-F058 |
Bastimolide A |
Macrolide |
2.6 µM (HB3) |
Cyanobacterium |
Pyrenochaetopsis sp. RK10-F058 |
Bastimolide B (New) |
Macrolide |
5.7 µM (HB3) |
Cyanobacterium |
Phyllidiella pustulosa |
Pustulosaisonitrile-1 (New) |
Isocyano diterpene |
1.08 µM (3D7) 1.54 µM (Dd2) |
Nudibranch |
Pyrenochaetopsis sp. RK10-F058 |
Wakodecaline A (New) |
|
62.6 µM (3D7) |
Fungus |
Pyrenochaetopsis sp. RK10-F058 |
Wakodecaline B (New) |
|
35.94 µM (3D7) |
Fungus |
Streptomyces sp. BCC71188 |
Phomasetin |
Pyrrolidin-2,4-dione alkaloid 3-(Decalinoyltetramic acids) |
1.8 µM (3D7) |
Fungus |
Streptomyces sp. BCC71188 |
Nocardamine |
Cyclic peptide |
5.32 µM(K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Streptomyces sp. BCC71188 |
Dehydroxynocardamine |
Cyclic peptide |
4.5 µM (K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Streptomyces sp. BCC71188 |
Monoglycosylelaiolide |
Macrolide |
2.75 µM (K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Streptomyces sp. BCC71188 |
Azalomycin |
Macrolide |
0.21 µM(K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Streptomyces sp. BCC71188 |
11,11′- O-dimethylelaiophylin |
Macrolide |
1.4 µMl (K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Streptomyces sp. BCC71188 |
2-Amino-6-hydroxyl-7-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (New) |
Naphthoquinone |
>49.22 µM (K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Streptomyces sp. BCC71188 |
Nahuoic acid C |
Decalin polyketide |
>19.74 µM (K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Streptomyces sp. BCC71188 |
Geldanamycin |
Macrocyclic polyketide |
0.62 µM (K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Streptomyces sp. BCC71188 |
17-O-demethylgeldanamycin |
Macrocyclic polyketide |
3.48 µM (K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Streptomyces sp. BCC71188 |
17-Demethoxyreblastatin |
Macrocyclic polyketide |
0.6 µM(K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Streptomyces sp. BCC71188 |
4,5-DihydrothiazinogeldaNamycin |
Macrocyclic polyketide |
>15.73 µM (K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Streptomyces sp. BCC71188 |
Cyclooctatin |
Diterpene |
22.14 µM (K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Streptomyces sp. BCC71188 |
Germicidin B |
Pyranone |
>54.88 µM (K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Streptomyces sp. RK85-270 |
Germicidin A |
Pyranone |
>50.96 µM (K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Streptomyces sp. RK85-270 |
Octaminomycin A (New) |
Cyclodepsipeptide |
1.5 µM (3D7) 1.6 µM (Dd2) 1.3 µM (K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Streptomyces SUK10 |
Octaminomycin B (New) |
Cyclodepsipeptide |
1.5 µM (3D7) 1.1 µM (Dd2) 0.83 µM (K1) |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Theonella aff. swinhoei |
Gancidin W |
Diketopiperazine |
78.46% inhibition of P.berghei parasite at 3.125 µg/kg |
Actinomycete bacteria |
Symploca sp. |
Carmaphycin B |
Peptide |
4.1 nM(Dd2) Plasmodium proteasome inhibitor |
Cyanobacterium |
Ancistrocladus sp. (leaf) |
Swinholide A |
Macrolide |
3.42 µM |
Marine sponge |
Ancistrocladus sp. (leaf) |
Spirombandakamine A1(New) |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
7.0 nM (K1) 40 nM (NF54) |
Plant |
Ancistrocladus sp. (leaf) |
Spirombandakamine A2 (New) |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
94.0 nM (K1) 226 nM (NF54) |
Plant |
Halymenia floresii |
Mbandakamine B2 (New) |
Naphthylisoquinoline |
4.0 nM 170 nM (NF54) |
Plant |
Halymenia floresii |
Halymeniaol (New) |
Sterol |
3.0 µM |
Alga |
Spongosorite sp. |
Dragmacidin G (New) |
Indole alkaloid |
6.4 µM |
Sponge |
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